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Date: Wed, 14 Nov 90 13:03:31 MST
From: Terry Langendoen <LANGENDT@ARIZVM1>
Subject: Markup of examples from Jackendoff, Semantic Structure
To: Steve Anderson <anderson@sapir.cog.jhu.edu>,
Nicoletta Calzolari <glottolo@icnucevm>,
Mitch Marcus <mitch@linc.cis.upenn.edu>,
Geoffrey Sampson <geoff@ling.leeds.ac.uk>,
Beatrice Santorini <beatrice@unagi.cis.upenn.edu>,
Gary Simons <gary@txsil.lonestar.org>,
Lou Burnard <LOU@VAX.OXFORD.AC.UK>,
Michael Sperberg-McQueen <U35395@UICVM>
This is the first of a series of sample markups using the encoding
scheme of Chapter 6 of the Preliminary Draft of the TEI.
I picked examples from Jackendoff's new book because they are
quite straightforwardly interpretable in terms of our scheme.
Let me have your comments and suggestions at your earliest
convenience. I will be sending out additional samples over the
next week or so.
**********************************************************************
Jackendoff, Ray S. 1990. Semantic Structures. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
First example, on p.99. In (38b) and in subsequent diagrams, the
corners of large brackets are indicated by "+" and a preceding or
following "-" to show orientation.
(38) a. Bill gave Harold $5 for mowing the lawn.
+- -+
b. | CAUSE ([BILL], [GO ([$5], [TO [HAROLD]])]) |
| [EXCH [MOW ([HAROLD], [LAWN])]] |
+- -+
Expanded version of (38b), which interprets the round brackets as
enclosing "arguments". These are identified as ARG1 and ARG2.
Note that each pair of brackets corresponds to <tag>f.str</tag>.
One embedded f.str does not have a name; it's there simply to indicate
subordination. (It corresponds to the structure opened by the
bracket preceding "EXCH" in (38b).)
+- +- -+ -+
| CAUSE | ARG1 [BILL] | |
| | +- -+ | |
| | ARG2 GO | ARG1 [$5] | | |
| | | ARG2 [TO [HAROLD]] | | |
| +- +- -+ -+ |
| +- +- +- -+ -+ -+ |
| | EXCH | MOW | ARG1 [HAROLD] | | | |
| | | | ARG2 [LAWN] | | | |
+- +- +- +- -+ -+ -+ -+
Proposed encoding of (38b).
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>CAUSE</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>ARG1</f.name>
<f.str><terminal>BILL</terminal></f.str>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.name>ARG2</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>GO</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>ARG1</f.name>
<f.str><terminal>$5</terminal></f.str>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.name>ARG2</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>TO</f.name>
<f.str><terminal>HAROLD</terminal></f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>EXCH</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>MOW</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>ARG1</f.name>
<f.str><terminal>HAROLD</terminal></f.str>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.name>ARG2</f.name>
<f.str><terminal>LAWN</terminal></f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
Second example, on p. 97. In (30b), "Poss" is written as a
subscript on the previous item "GO". From the text, we understand
that it is to be interpreted as a positively specified feature named
"POSSESSIVE".
(30) a. Bill obtained the book (in order) to give it to Harry.
b. +- -+
| CAUSE ([BILL], [GO Poss ([BOOK], [TO [BILL]])]) |
| +- -+ |
| [FOR [GO Poss ([BOOK], | FROM [BILL] | )]] |
| | TO [HARRY] | |
+- +- -+ -+
This diagram can be expanded as (38b) is, with "Poss" spelled out as a
feature whose value is "+".
+- +- -+ -+
| CAUSE | ARG1 [BILL] | |
| | +- +- -+ -+ | |
| | ARG2 | GO | POSSESSIVE + | | | |
| | | | ARG1 [BOOK] | | | |
| | | | ARG2 [TO [BILL]] | | | |
| +- +- +- -+ -+ -+ |
| +- +- +- -+ -+ -+ |
| | FOR | GO | POSSESSIVE + | | | |
| | | | ARG1 [BOOK] | | | |
| | | | +- -+ | | | |
| | | | ARG2 | FROM [BILL] | | | | |
| | | | | TO [HARRY] | | | | |
+- +- +- +- +- -+ -+ -+ -+ -+
Proposed encoding of example (30b).
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>CAUSE</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>ARG1</f.name>
<f.str><terminal>BILL</terminal></f.str>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.name>ARG2</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>GO</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>POSSESSIVE</f.name><plus>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.name>ARG1</f.name>
<f.str><terminal>BOOK</terminal></f.str>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.name>ARG2</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>TO</f.name>
<f.str><terminal>BILL</terminal></f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>FOR</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>GO</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>POSSESSIVE</f.name><plus>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.name>ARG1</f.name>
<f.str><terminal>BOOK</terminal></f.str>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.name>ARG2</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>FROM</f.name>
<f.str><terminal>BILL</terminal></f.str>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.name>TO</f.name>
<f.str><terminal>HARRY</terminal></f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
Third example, on p.111. The elements "c", "Place" and "Event"
are all subscripts interpreted as features. "c" means "Contact".
(25) c. Beth stroked the cat on the neck.
+- -+
| GO c ([BETH], [VIA c [AT c [CAT]]]) |
| [ Place ON ([NECK])] |
+- Event -+
The diagram in (25c) can also be expanded, as above, but the expansion
is not shown here.
Proposed encoding for (25c).
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>EVENT</f.name><plus>
</feature>
<f.name>GO</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>CONTACT</f.name><plus>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.name>ARG1</f.name>
<f.str><terminal>BETH</terminal></f.str>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.name>ARG2</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>VIA</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>CONTACT</f.name><plus>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.name>AT</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>CONTACT</f.name><plus>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.str><terminal>CAT</terminal></f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>PLACE</f.name><plus>
</feature>
<feature>
<f.name>ON</f.name>
<f.str>
<feature>
<f.name>ARG1</f.name>
<f.str><terminal>NECK</terminal></f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
</feature>
</f.str>
Terry Langendoen phone: (+1 602) 621-6898
Department of Linguistics bitnet: langendt@arizvm1
University of Arizona internet: langendt@arizvm1.ccit.arizona.edu
Tucson, AZ 85721 USA fax: (+1 602) 621-9424