P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

<placeName period="#christian">Stauropolis</placeName>

<persName>
 <forename>Johan</forename>
 <surname type="toponymic" ref="#dystvold">Dystvold</surname>
</persName>
<!-- ... -->
<placeName xml:id="dystvold">Dystvold</placeName>

About a year back, a question of considerable interest was agitated in the <orgName key="PAS1" type="voluntary">
 <placeName key="PEN">Pennsyla.</placeName> Abolition Society
</orgName>....

<orgName key="ssav" type="regional">Société savoisienne de <placeName key="GRE">Grenoble</placeName>
</orgName>

大約一年前，在<placeName key="PEN">賓州</placeName>的<orgName key="PAS1" type="voluntary">廢止黑奴協會</orgName>，有一場轟動的激辯。

<persName>
 <forename>Edward</forename>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname type="linked">Bulwer-Lytton</surname>, <roleName>Baron Lytton of
 <placeName>Knebworth</placeName>
 </roleName>
</persName>

<persName>
 <forename>夏爾</forename>
 <forename>皮耶</forename>
 <surname>波特萊爾</surname>，<roleName>
  <placeName>法國</placeName>象徵派詩人 </roleName>
</persName>

After spending some
time in our <placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NY1">modern
<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:BA1">Babylon</placeName>
</placeName>,
<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NY1">New
York</placeName>, I have proceeded to the <placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:PH1">City of
Brotherly Love</placeName>.

<placeName>Rochester,
NY</placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement type="city">Rochester</settlement>,
<region type="state">New York</region>
</placeName>

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:LSEA1">
 <country type="nation">Laos</country>,
<bloc type="sub-continent">Southeast Asia</bloc>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <district type="arondissement">6ème</district>
 <settlement type="city">Paris, </settlement>
 <country>France</country>
</placeName>

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:NRPA1">
 <offset>near the top of</offset>
 <geogName>
  <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
  <name>Sinai</name>
 </geogName>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <measure>20 km</measure>
 <offset>north of</offset>
 <settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>

<placeName ref="tag:projectname.org,2012:Duncan">
 <measure unit="km" quantity="17.7">11 miles</measure>
 <offset>Northwest of</offset>
 <settlement type="city">Providence</settlement>, <region type="state">RI</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>Rochester</settlement>
 <region>New York</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>Bordeaux</settlement>
 <region>Gironde</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <geogName>Le Massif Armoricain</geogName>
 <region>Bretagne</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <measure>2,5 milles</measure>
 <offset>à l'ouest de la </offset>
 <settlement>Pointe du Raz</settlement>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>曼徹斯特</settlement>
 <region>紐約</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <geogName>天池</geogName>
 <region>新疆</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement>烏魯木齊</settlement>
 <offset>北邊</offset>
 <measure>十哩</measure>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <geogName>Arrochar Alps</geogName>
 <region>Argylshire</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <measure>10 miles</measure>
 <offset>Northeast of</offset>
 <settlement>Attica</settlement>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <region type="state" n="IL">Illinois</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <region type="state" n="IL">Illinois</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <region type="state" n="IL">依利諾</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <district type="ward">Jericho</district>
 <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <district type="ward">La Castellane</district>
 <settlement>Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <district type="area">Rive gauche</district>
 <settlement>Paris</settlement>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <district type="ward">中環</district>
 <settlement>香港</settlement>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <district type="area">南邊</district>
 <settlement>廣州</settlement>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <district type="area">South Side</district>
 <settlement>Chicago</settlement>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement type="town">Glasgow</settlement>
 <region>Scotland</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement type="town">Brest</settlement>
 <region>Bretagne</region>
</placeName>

<placeName>
 <settlement type="town">淡水</settlement>
 <region>台北縣</region>
</placeName>

<placeName key="NRPA1">
 <offset>50 metres below the summit of</offset>
 <geogName>
  <geogFeat>Mount</geogFeat>
  <name>Sinai</name>
 </geogName>
</placeName>

<person xml:id="simon_son_of_richard2">
 <persName>Simon, son of Richard</persName>
 <residence>
  <placeName>
   <region>Essex</region>
  </placeName>
 </residence>
 <floruit notBefore="1219" notAfter="1223">1219-1223</floruit>
</person>

<place xml:id="LYON1" type="city">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0056">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>45.769559 4.834843</geo>
 </location>
</place>

<place xml:id="LYON2">
 <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName>
 <placeName notAfter="0056">Lugdunum</placeName>
 <location>
  <bloc>EU</bloc>
  <country>France</country>
 </location>
</place>

<place type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
  <district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">Cours de Verdun</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

<place type="imaginary">
 <placeName>Atlantis</placeName>
 <location>
  <offset>beyond</offset>
  <placeName>The Pillars of <persName>Hercules</persName>
  </placeName>
 </location>
</place>

<place xml:id="MYF">
 <placeName notAfter="1969">Yasgur's Farm</placeName>
 <placeName notBefore="1969">Woodstock Festival Site</placeName>
 <location>
  <measure>one mile</measure>
  <offset>north west of</offset>
  <settlement>Bethel</settlement>
  <region>New York</region>
 </location>
</place>

<place type="cemetery">
 <placeName>Protestant Cemetery</placeName>
 <placeName type="official" xml:lang="it">Cimitero Acattolico</placeName>
 <location type="geopolitical">
  <country>Italy</country>
  <settlement>Rome</settlement>
  <district>Testaccio</district>
 </location>
 <location type="address">
  <address>
   <addrLine>Via Caio Cestio, 6</addrLine>
   <addrLine>00153 Roma</addrLine>
  </address>
 </location>
</place>

<place type="islandGroup">
 <placeName>Mascarene Islands</placeName>
 <placeName>Mascarenhas Archipelago</placeName>
 <place type="island">
  <placeName>Mauritius</placeName>
  <listPlace type="offshoreIslands">
   <place>
    <placeName>La roche qui pleure</placeName>
   </place>
   <place>
    <placeName>Île aux cerfs</placeName>
   </place>
  </listPlace>
 </place>
 <place type="island">
  <placeName>Rodrigues</placeName>
 </place>
 <place type="island">
  <placeName>Réunion</placeName>
 </place>
</place>

<place xml:id="wales" type="country">
 <placeName xml:lang="cy">Cymru</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Wales</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="la">Wallie</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="la">Wallia</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="fro">Le Waleis</placeName>
 <place xml:id="carmarthenshire" type="region">
  <region type="county" xml:lang="en" notBefore="1284">Carmarthenshire</region>
  <place xml:id="carmarthen" type="settlement">
   <placeName xml:lang="en">Carmarthen</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="la" notBefore="1090" notAfter="1300">Kaermerdin</placeName>
   <placeName xml:lang="cy">Caerfyrddin</placeName>
   <place xml:id="carmarthen_castle" type="castle">
    <settlement>castle of Carmarthen</settlement>
   </place>
  </place>
 </place>
</place>

<place type="county">
 <placeName>Herefordshire</placeName>
 <listPlace type="villages">
  <place>
   <placeName>Abbey Dore</placeName>
   <location>
    <geo>51.969604 -2.893146</geo>
   </location>
  </place>
  <place>
   <placeName>Acton Beauchamp</placeName>
  </place>
<!-- etc -->
 </listPlace>
 <listPlace type="towns">
  <place>
   <placeName>Hereford</placeName>
  </place>
  <place>
   <placeName>Leominster</placeName>
  </place>
<!-- etc -->
 </listPlace>
</place>

<place xml:id="IS">
 <placeName xml:lang="en">Iceland</placeName>
 <placeName xml:lang="is">Ísland</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>65.00 -18.00</geo>
 </location>
 <terrain>
  <desc>Area: 103,000 sq km</desc>
 </terrain>
 <state type="governance" notBefore="1944">
  <p>Constitutional republic</p>
 </state>
 <state type="governance" notAfter="1944">
  <p>Part of the kingdom of <placeName key="DK">Denmark</placeName>
  </p>
 </state>
 <event type="governance" when="1944-06-17">
  <desc>Iceland became independent on 17 June 1944.</desc>
 </event>
 <state type="governance" from="1944-06-17">
  <p>An independent republic since June 1944</p>
 </state>
</place>

<place xml:id="greece">
 <placeName>Greece</placeName>
 <climate>
  <desc>Greece's climate is divided into three well defined
     classes:</desc>
  <climate>
   <label>Mediterranean</label>
   <desc>It features mild, wet winters and hot, dry
       summers. Temperatures rarely reach extremes, although snowfalls do
       occur occasionally even in <placeName>Athens</placeName>,
   <placeName>Cyclades</placeName> or <placeName>Crete</placeName>
       during the winter.</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Alpine</label>
   <desc>It is found primarily in <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset>
         Greece</placeName> (<placeName>Epirus</placeName>,
   <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> Greece</placeName>,
   <placeName>Thessaly</placeName>,
   <placeName>
     <offset>Western</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as well
       as central parts of <placeName>Peloponnesus</placeName> like
   <placeName>Achaea</placeName>, <placeName>Arcadia</placeName> and
       parts of <placeName>Laconia</placeName> where the Alpine range pass
       by)</desc>
  </climate>
  <climate>
   <label>Temperate</label>
   <desc>It is found in <placeName>
     <offset>Central</offset> and
    <offset>Eastern</offset> Macedonia</placeName> as well as in
   <placeName>Thrace</placeName> at places like
   <placeName>Komotini</placeName>, <placeName>Xanthi</placeName> and
   <placeName>
     <offset>northern</offset> Evros</placeName>. It features
       cold, damp winters and hot, dry summers.</desc>
  </climate>
 </climate>
</place>

<listEvent>
 <event
   when="1713"
   ref="http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01832">
  <label>Treaty of Utrecht</label>
  <desc>France ceded to Great Britain its claims to the <orgName>Hudson's Bay
       Company</orgName> territories in <placeName>Rupert's Land</placeName>,
  <placeName>Newfoundland</placeName>, and
  <placeName>Acadia</placeName> and recognized British suzerainty over <orgName type="tribe">the Iroquois</orgName> but retained its other pre-war
     North American possessions, including
  <placeName key="PEI">Île-Saint-Jean</placeName> (now <placeName key="PEI">Prince Edward
       Island</placeName>)...</desc>
 </event>
 <event when="1774" key="14-GeoIII-c83">
  <label>Quebec Act</label>
  <desc>This act of the British Parliament guaranteed free practice of
     the Catholic faith and restored use of the French Civil Code for
     private matters throughout the Province of Quebec, which had been
     expanded in territory following the <ref>Treaty of Paris</ref>.</desc>
 </event>
 <event
   when="1778"
   ref="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/del1778.asp">
  <label>Treaty of Fort Pitt</label>
  <desc>Also known as the <name type="event">Treaty with the
       Delawares</name>, this was the first written treaty between the newly
     formed <orgName>United States</orgName> and any Native American people, in this
     case, the <orgName type="tribe">Lenape</orgName> or Delawares.</desc>
 </event>
</listEvent>

<listPlace>
 <place xml:id="MASC">
  <placeName>Mascarene islands</placeName>
  <placeName>Mascarenhas Archipelago</placeName>
 </place>
 <place xml:id="MRU">
  <placeName>Mauritius</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 </place>
 <place xml:id="ROD">
  <placeName>Rodrigues</placeName>
 </place>
 <place xml:id="REN">
  <placeName>Réunion</placeName>
 </place>
 <relation name="contains" active="#MASC" passive="#ROD #MRU #REN"/>
</listPlace>

<place type="country" xml:id="FRA">
 <placeName>France</placeName>
</place>

<place xml:id="ROMA">
 <placeName>Rome</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <climate>
  <ab>
   <table>
    <head>24-hr Average Temperature</head>
    <row>
     <cell/>
     <cell role="label">Jan</cell>
     <cell role="label">Jun</cell>
     <cell role="label">Dec</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°C</cell>
     <cell role="data">7.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">21.7</cell>
     <cell role="data">8.3</cell>
    </row>
    <row>
     <cell role="label">°F</cell>
     <cell role="data">44.8</cell>
     <cell role="data">71.1</cell>
     <cell role="data">46.9</cell>
    </row>
   </table>
  </ab>
  <note>Taken from <bibl>
    <abbr>GHCN 2 Beta</abbr>: The Global Historical Climatology Network,
       version 2 beta, 1904 months between 1811 and 1980. <ptr
      target="http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N41E012+1202+0004058G2"/>
   </bibl>
  </note>
 </climate>
</place>

<listPlace type="offshoreIslands">
 <place>
  <placeName>La roche qui pleure</placeName>
 </place>
 <place>
  <placeName>Ile aux cerfs</placeName>
 </place>
</listPlace>

<place>
 <placeName>Abbey Dore</placeName>
 <location>
  <geo>51.969604 -2.893146</geo>
 </location>
</place>

<place type="building">
 <placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
 <location>
  <country key="FR"/>
  <settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
  <district type="arrondissement">Perrache</district>
  <placeName type="street">Rue de la Charité</placeName>
 </location>
</place>

<place type="imaginary">
 <placeName>Atlantis</placeName>
 <location>
  <offset>beyond</offset>
  <placeName>The Pillars of <persName>Hercules</persName>
  </placeName>
 </location>
</place>

<person xml:id="fr_Ovi01" sex="1" role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italie</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Roumanie</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person xml:id="zh-tw_Ovi01" sex="1" role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="zh-TW">奧維德</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 西元前43年3月20日<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">義大利</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">西元後17或18年<placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">羅馬尼亞</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<person xml:id="Ovi01" sex="1" role="poet">
 <persName xml:lang="en">Ovid</persName>
 <persName xml:lang="la">Publius Ovidius Naso</persName>
 <birth when="-0044-03-20"> 20 March 43 BC <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Sulmona</settlement>
   <country key="IT">Italy</country>
  </placeName>
 </birth>
 <death notBefore="0017" notAfter="0018">17 or 18 AD <placeName>
   <settlement type="city">Tomis (Constanta)</settlement>
   <country key="RO">Romania</country>
  </placeName>
 </death>
</person>

<residence notAfter="1997">Mbeni estate, Dzukumura region, Matabele land</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>Glasgow</settlement>
  <region>Ecosse</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

<residence notAfter="1997">台北東區帝寶大廈</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>沙鹿</settlement>
  <region>台中</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

<residence notAfter="1997">Mbeni estate, Dzukumura region, Matabele land</residence>
<residence notBefore="1903" notAfter="1996">
 <placeName>
  <settlement>Glasgow</settlement>
  <region>Scotland</region>
 </placeName>
</residence>

<place xml:id="KERG">
 <placeName>Kerguelen Islands</placeName>
<!-- ... -->
 <terrain>
  <desc>antarctic tundra</desc>
 </terrain>
<!-- ... -->
</place>

<persName>
 <forename>Edward</forename>
 <forename>George</forename>
 <surname type="linked">Bulwer-Lytton</surname>,
<roleName>Baron Lytton of
 <placeName>Knebworth</placeName>
 </roleName>
</persName>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <placeName>Paris,</placeName>, ce <date when="--12-11" notBefore="1699-12-31" notAfter="1799-12-31">11 décembre 17.. </date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>à Madame De Rosemonde.,</salute>
</opener>

<opener>
 <dateline>
  <placeName>Dorchester, Village,</placeName>
  <date when="1828-03-02">March 2d. 1828.</date>
 </dateline>
 <salute>To
   Mrs. Cornell,</salute> Sunday <time when="12:00:00">noon.</time>
</opener>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Newport</placeName>
   <date when="1761-05-27">May ye 27th 1761</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Gentlemen</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Capt Stoddard's Business
 <lb/>calling him to Providence, have
 <lb/>got him to look at Hopkins brigantine
 <lb/>&amp; if can agree to Purchase her, shall
 <lb/>be much oblig'd for your further
 <lb/>assistance herein, &amp; will acquiesce with
 <lb/>whatever you &amp; he shall Contract
 <lb/>for — I Thank you for your
 <lb/>
  <unclear>Line</unclear> respecting the brigantine &amp; Beg
 <lb/>leave to Recommend the Bearer
 <lb/>to you for your advice &amp; Friendship
 <lb/>in this matter</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>I am your most humble servant</salute>
  <signed>Joseph Wanton Jr</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>I have Mollases, Sugar,
  <lb/>Coffee &amp; Rum, which
  <lb/>will Exchange with you
  <lb/>for Candles or Oyl</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<div type="letter">
 <opener>
  <dateline>
   <placeName>Rimaone</placeName>
   <date when="2006-11-21">21 Nov 06</date>
  </dateline>
  <salute>Dear Susan,</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Thank you very much for the assistance splitting those
   logs. I'm sorry about the misunderstanding as to the size of
   the task. I really was not asking for help, only to borrow the
   axe. Hope you had fun in any case.</p>
 <closer>
  <salute>Sincerely yours,</salute>
  <signed>Seymour</signed>
 </closer>
 <postscript>
  <label>P.S.</label>
  <p>The collision occured on <date when="2001-07-06">06 Jul 01</date>.</p>
 </postscript>
</div>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <equipment>
  <p>Recorded on a Sony TR444 walkman by unknown participants; remastered
     to digital tape at <placeName>Borehamwood Studios</placeName> by
  <orgName>Transcription Services Inc</orgName>.</p>
 </equipment>
</recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <p>
  <orgName>Harmonia Mundi</orgName> S.A., enregistré à <placeName>Boughton Aluph Saints
     Church</placeName>, <date>septembre 1977</date>.</p>
</recording>

<recording type="audio" dur="P30M">
 <equipment>
  <p>以Sony TR444 walkman錄成，參與者不明；<orgName>中國廣播公司</orgName>在<placeName>中廣電台</placeName>以數位磁帶重製。</p>
 </equipment>
</recording>

<listPerson>
 <person role="relieur">
  <persName>
   <addName>Le Gascon</addName>
  </persName>
  <affiliation>Atelier</affiliation>
  <residence>Paris<placeName/>
  </residence>
 </person>
 <person role="ancien possesseur"/>
</listPerson>

<p> In order to meet your instructions more fully on that subject,
I directed <persName corresp="personography.xml#pemberton_jd">Mr Surveyor Pemberton</persName>
to draw up a report describing in a general manner the existing arrangements for the sale of
land on <placeName corresp="placeography.xml#vancouver_island">Vancouver's Island</placeName>,
and the proposed arrangements for the sale of land in
<placeName corresp="placeography.xml#british_columbia">British Columbia</placeName>.
</p>

<persName>Elizabeth</persName> went to <placeName>Essex</placeName>. She had always liked <placeName>Essex</placeName>.
<note type="certainty" resp="#MSM">It is not
clear here whether <mentioned>Essex</mentioned>
refers to the place or to the nobleman. -MSM</note>

<persName>Elizabeth</persName> went to <placeName xml:id="CE-p1a">Essex</placeName>.
She had always liked <placeName xml:id="CE-p1b">Essex</placeName>.
<note type="certainty" resp="#MSM" target="#CE-p1a #CE-p1b">It
is not clear here whether <mentioned>Essex</mentioned>
refers to the place or to the nobleman. If the latter,
it should be tagged as a personal name. -<name xml:id="MSM">Michael</name>
</note>

Elizabeth went to
<placeName xml:id="CE-pl1">Essex</placeName>.

<!-- ... elsewhere in the document ... -->
<certainty target="#CE-pl1" locus="name">
 <desc>possibly not a placename</desc>
</certainty>

Elizabeth went to
<placeName>Essex
<certainty locus="name" degree="0.6"/>
</placeName>.

Elizabeth went to <placeName xml:id="CE-PL1">Essex</placeName>.
She had always liked <placeName xml:id="CE-PL2">Essex</placeName>.

<!-- ... -->
<!-- 60% chance that P1 is a placename, 40% chance a personal name. -->
<certainty
  xml:id="cert-1"
  target="#CE-PL1"
  locus="name"
  degree="0.6">
 <desc>probably a placename, but possibly not"</desc>
</certainty>
<certainty
  xml:id="cert-2"
  target="#CE-PL1"
  locus="name"
  assertedValue="persName"
  degree="0.4">
 <desc>may refer to the Earl of Essex"</desc>
</certainty>
<!-- 60% chance that P2 is a placename, 40% chance a personal name. 100% chance that it agrees with P1. -->
<certainty
  target="#CE-PL2"
  locus="name"
  given="#cert-1"
  degree="1.0">
 <desc>if CE-PL1 is a placename, CE-PL2 certainly is"</desc>
</certainty>
<certainty
  target="#CE-PL2"
  locus="name"
  assertedValue="persName"
  degree="1.0"
  given="#cert-2">
 <desc>if CE-PL1 is a personal name, then so is CE-PL2</desc>
</certainty>

Ernest went to old <persName>Saybrook</persName>. (0.6 * 0.9, or 0.54)
Ernest went to old <placeName>Saybrook</placeName>. (0.4 * 0.5, or 0.20)
Ernest went to <placeName>old Saybrook</placeName>. (0.4 * 0.5, or 0.20)