P5: 전자 텍스트 부호화 및 교환에 대한 지침

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Shakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic form</title>
   <author>Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Originally prepared by</resp>
    <name>Trevor Howard-Hill</name>
   </respStmt>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>Revised and edited by</resp>
    <name>Christine Avern-Carr</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK</addrLine>
   </address>
   <idno type="OTA">119</idno>
   <availability>
    <p>Freely available on a non-commercial basis.</p>
   </availability>
   <date when="1968">1968</date>
  </publicationStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <bibl>The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile,
       1968)</bibl>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <projectDesc>
   <p>Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling
       concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the
       editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).</p>
  </projectDesc>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction>
    <p>Turned letters are silently corrected.</p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured
         forms are not encoded.</p>
   </normalization>
  </editorialDecl>
  <refsDecl xml:id="ASLREF">
   <cRefPattern
     matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
     replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
    <p>A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that
         listed here: <list>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the preceding <gi>lb</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a period</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the ancestor <gi>div2</gi>
      </item>
      <item>a space</item>
      <item>the <att>n</att> value of the parent <gi>div1</gi>
      </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </cRefPattern>
  </refsDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <list>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-04-12">12 Apr 89</date> Last checked by CAC</item>
   <item>
    <date when="1989-03-01">1 Mar 89</date> LB made new file</item>
  </list>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<editorialDecl>
 <segmentation>
  <p>
   <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and
     are numbered sequentially
     within their parent <gi>div</gi> element
  </p>
 </segmentation>
 <interpretation>
  <p>The part of speech analysis applied throughout section 4 was
     added by hand and has not been checked.</p>
 </interpretation>
 <correction>
  <p>Errors in transcription controlled by using the
     WordPerfect spelling checker.</p>
 </correction>
 <normalization source="http://szotar.sztaki.hu/webster/">
  <p>All words converted to Modern American spelling following
     Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
 <quotation marks="all" form="std">
  <p>All opening quotation marks represented by entity reference
  <ident type="ge">odq</ident>; all closing quotation marks
     represented by entity reference <ident type="ge">cdq</ident>.</p>
 </quotation>
</editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>Where both upper- and lower-case i, j, u, v, and vv have been normalized, to modern
     20th century typographical practice, the <gi>choice</gi> element has been used to
     enclose <gi>orig</gi> and <gi>reg</gi> elements giving the original and new values
     respectively. ... </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p>Spacing between words and following punctuation has been regularized to zero spaces;
     spacing between words has been regularized to one space.</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization source="http://www.dict.sztaki.hu/webster">
  <p>Spelling converted throughout to Modern American usage, based on Websters 9th
     Collegiate dictionary.</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>Là où les majuscules et les minuscules i, j, u, v et vv ont été normalisées selon la
     pratique typographique moderne, l'élément<gi> choice</gi> a été employé en association
     avec <gi>orig</gi> et <gi>reg</gi>pour fournir à la fois les formes originales et les
     formes nouvelles , respectivement ... </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p> L'espace entre chaque mot a été régularisé à un espace. Un signe de ponctuation
     simple est suivi d'un espace, un signe de ponctuation double est précédé et suivi d'un
     espace.</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization
   source="http://www.academie-francaise.fr/langue/orthographe/plan.html">
  <p>Normalisation effectuée selon le Rapport Du Conseil Supérieur De La Langue Française
     publié dans les documents administratifs du Journal officiel du 6 décembre 1990</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

<editorialDecl>
 <normalization method="markup">
  <p>當大寫與小寫的 i, j, u, v, 以及vv已經標準化，符合二十世紀現代印刷術，<gi>choice</gi>元素就用來包含 <gi>orig</gi> 還有
  <gi>reg</gi> 兩個元素，並賦予新的意義。… </p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization method="silent">
  <p>字與字後的標點符號之間規定沒有空格；字與字間規定留一個空格。</p>
 </normalization>
 <normalization source="http://www.dict.sztaki.hu/webster">
  <p>拼字源於Websters 9th Collegiate字典的現代美語用法</p>
 </normalization>
</editorialDecl>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>No quotation marks have been retained. Instead, the <att>rend</att> attribute on the
 <gi>q</gi> element is used to specify what kinds of quotation mark was used, according
   to the following list: <list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>double quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>single quotes, open and close</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>long dash open, no close</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>double guillemets, open and close</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation marks="none">
 <p>Aucun guillemet n'a été conservé. Au lieu de cela, on a utilisé l'attribut
 <att>rend</att> pour l'élément <gi>q</gi> afin de spécifier quel type de guillemet a été
   utilisé, selon la liste suivante : <list type="gloss">
   <label>ga</label>
   <item>guillemet allemand</item>
   <label>gd</label>
   <item>guillemet anglais ou guillemet dactylographique </item>
   <label>gf</label>
   <item>guillemet français</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<quotation marks="none" form="rend">
 <p>不保留引號，改用元素<gi>q</gi>內的屬性<att>rend</att> 來區分引號的種類，種類如下：<list type="gloss">
   <label>dq</label>
   <item>雙引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>sq</label>
   <item>單引號，前後各一</item>
   <label>dash</label>
   <item>破折號，僅前面一個</item>
   <label>dg</label>
   <item>雙箭號，前後各一</item>
  </list>
 </p>
</quotation>

<segmentation>
 <p>
  <gi>s</gi> elements mark orthographic sentences and are numbered sequentially within
   their parent <gi>div</gi> element </p>
</segmentation>

<p>
 <gi>seg</gi> elements are used to mark functional constituents of various types within each
<gi>s</gi>; the typology used is defined by a <gi>taxonomy</gi> element in the corpus
header <gi>classDecl</gi>
</p>

<refsDecl>
 <p>The <att>n</att> attribute of each text in this corpus carries a
   unique identifying code for the whole text. The title of the text is
   held as the content of the first <gi>head</gi> element within each
   text. The <att>n</att> attribute on each <gi>div1</gi> and
 <gi>div2</gi> contains the canonical reference for each such
   division, in the form 'XX.yyy', where XX is the book number in Roman
   numerals, and yyy the section number in arabic. Line breaks are
   marked by empty <gi>lb</gi> elements, each of which includes the
   through line number in Casaubon's edition as the value of its
 <gi>n</gi> attribute.</p>
 <p>The through line number and the text identifier uniquely identify
   any line. A canonical reference may be made up by concatenating the
 <gi>n</gi> values from the <gi>text</gi>, <gi>div1</gi>, or
 <gi>div2</gi> and calculating the line number within each part.</p>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl xml:id="fr_ASLREF">
 <cRefPattern
   matchPattern="(\S+) ([^.]+)\.(.*)"
   replacementPattern="#fr_xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2/[@n='$2']//lb[@n='$3'])">
  <p>Une référence a été créée en assemblant les éléments suivants dans l'ordre inverse de
     la liste qui suit : <list>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> du précédent <gi>lb</gi>
    </item>
    <item>une période</item>
    <item>la valeur <att>n</att> de l'ancêtre <gi>div2</gi>
    </item>
    <item>un espace</item>
    <item>la valeur<att>n</att> du parent <gi>div1</gi>
    </item>
   </list>
  </p>
 </cRefPattern>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>
 <p>參照是將位於最高層級的<gi>div</gi>元素的屬性<att>n</att>值串聯起來，
   其後跟著空格和續接的下一層級<gi>div</gi>，接著冒點，
   然後是續接的下一(最低) 層級的<gi>div</gi>所組成。</p>
</refsDecl>

<refsDecl>
 <p>References are made up by concatenating the value for the
 <att>n</att> attribute on the highest level <gi>div</gi>
   element, followed by a space, followed by the sequential
   number of the next level <gi>div</gi> followed by a colon
   followed by the sequential number of the next (and lowest)
   level <gi>div</gi>.</p>
</refsDecl>

<!-- ... --><revisionDesc>
 <change n="RCS:1.39" when="2007-08-08" who="#jwernimo.lrv">Changed <val>drama.verse</val>
  <gi>lg</gi>s to <gi>p</gi>s. <note>we have opened a discussion about the need for a new
     value for <att>type</att> of <gi>lg</gi>, <val>drama.free.verse</val>, in order to address
     the verse of Behn which is not in regular iambic pentameter. For the time being these
     instances are marked with a comment note until we are able to fully consider the best way
     to encode these instances.</note>
 </change>
 <change n="RCS:1.33" when="2007-06-28" who="#pcaton.xzc">Added <att>key</att> and <att>reg</att>
   to <gi>name</gi>s.</change>
 <change n="RCS:1.31" when="2006-12-04" who="#wgui.ner">Completed renovation. Validated.</change>
</revisionDesc>

<teiHeader>
 <fileDesc>
  <titleStmt>
   <title>Common sense, a machine-readable transcript</title>
   <author>Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)</author>
   <respStmt>
    <resp>compiled by</resp>
    <name>Jon K Adams</name>
   </respStmt>
  </titleStmt>
  <editionStmt>
   <edition>
    <date>1986</date>
   </edition>
  </editionStmt>
  <publicationStmt>
   <distributor>Oxford Text Archive.</distributor>
   <address>
    <addrLine>Oxford University Computing Services,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>13 Banbury Road,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>Oxford OX2 6RB,</addrLine>
    <addrLine>UK</addrLine>
   </address>
  </publicationStmt>
  <notesStmt>
   <note>Brief notes on the text are in a
       supplementary file.</note>
  </notesStmt>
  <sourceDesc>
   <biblStruct>
    <monogr>
     <editor>Foner, Philip S.</editor>
     <title>The collected writings of Thomas Paine</title>
     <imprint>
      <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
      <publisher>Citadel Press</publisher>
      <date>1945</date>
     </imprint>
    </monogr>
   </biblStruct>
  </sourceDesc>
 </fileDesc>
 <encodingDesc>
  <samplingDecl>
   <p>Editorial notes in the Foner edition have not
       been reproduced. </p>
   <p>Blank lines and multiple blank spaces, including paragraph
       indents, have not been preserved. </p>
  </samplingDecl>
  <editorialDecl>
   <correction status="high" method="silent">
    <p>The following errors
         in the Foner edition have been corrected:
    <list>
      <item>p. 13 l. 7 cotemporaries contemporaries </item>
      <item>p. 28 l. 26 [comma] [period] </item>
      <item>p. 84 l. 4 kin kind </item>
      <item>p. 95 l. 1 stuggle struggle </item>
      <item>p. 101 l. 4 certainy certainty </item>
      <item>p. 167 l. 6 than that </item>
      <item>p. 209 l. 24 publshed published </item>
     </list>
    </p>
   </correction>
   <normalization>
    <p>No normalization beyond that performed
         by Foner, if any. </p>
   </normalization>
   <quotation marks="all" form="std">
    <p>All double quotation marks
         rendered with ", all single quotation marks with
         apostrophe. </p>
   </quotation>
   <hyphenation eol="none">
    <p>Hyphenated words that appear at the
         end of the line in the Foner edition have been reformed.</p>
   </hyphenation>
   <stdVals>
    <p>The values of <att>when-iso</att> on the <gi>time</gi>
         element always end in the format <val>HH:MM</val> or
    <val>HH</val>; i.e., seconds, fractions thereof, and time
         zone designators are not present.</p>
   </stdVals>
   <interpretation>
    <p>Compound proper names are marked. </p>
    <p>Dates are marked. </p>
    <p>Italics are recorded without interpretation. </p>
   </interpretation>
  </editorialDecl>
  <classDecl>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lcsh">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Subject Headings</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
   <taxonomy xml:id="lc">
    <bibl>Library of Congress Classification</bibl>
   </taxonomy>
  </classDecl>
 </encodingDesc>
 <profileDesc>
  <creation>
   <date>1774</date>
  </creation>
  <langUsage>
   <language ident="en" usage="100">English.</language>
  </langUsage>
  <textClass>
   <keywords scheme="#lcsh">
    <term>Political science</term>
    <term>United States -- Politics and government —
         Revolution, 1775-1783</term>
   </keywords>
   <classCode scheme="#lc">JC 177</classCode>
  </textClass>
 </profileDesc>
 <revisionDesc>
  <change when="1996-01-22" who="#MSM"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change when="1995-10-30" who="#LB"> finished proofreading </change>
  <change notBefore="1995-07-04" who="#RG"> finished data entry at end of term </change>
  <change notAfter="1995-01-01" who="#RG"> began data entry before New Year 1995 </change>
 </revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>

<encodingDesc>
 <refsDecl>
  <cRefPattern
    matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']/l[@n='$4']">
   <p>A canonical reference is assembled with
   <list>
     <item>the name of the <label>work</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a <gi>div1</gi>,</item>
     <item>a space,</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>book</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div2</gi>,</item>
     <item>a full stop</item>
     <item>the number of the <label>poem</label>: the
     <att>n</att> of a child <gi>div3</gi>,</item>
     <item>the line number: the <att>n</att> value of a
           child <gi>l</gi>
     </item>
    </list>
   </p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern
    matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']/div3[@n='$3']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the last component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>l</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
  <cRefPattern
    matchPattern="([^ ]+) ([0-9]+)"
    replacementPattern="#xpath(//div1[@n='$1']/div2[@n='$2']">
   <p>Same as above, but without the poem component (full
       stop followed by the <gi>div3</gi>'s <att>n</att>.</p>
  </cRefPattern>
 </refsDecl>
</encodingDesc>

<p>The <gi>gi</gi> element is used to tag
element names when they appear in the text; the
<gi>tag</gi> element however is used to show how a tag as
such might appear. So one might talk of an occurrence of the
<gi>blort</gi> element which had been tagged
<tag>blort type='runcible'</tag>. The
<att>type</att> attribute may take any name token as
value; the default value is <val>spqr</val>, in memory of
its creator.</p>

<div3>
 <head>Element and attribute descriptions</head>
 <p>Within the body of a document using this module, the following
   elements may be used to reference parts of the specification elements
   discussed in section <ptr target="#TDcrystals"/>, in particular the
   brief prose descriptions these provide for elements and attributes.
 <specList>
   <specDesc key="specList"/>
   <specDesc key="specDesc"/>
  </specList>
 </p>
 <p>TEI practice requires that a <gi>specList</gi> listing the elements
   ...
 </p>
<!-- ... -->
</div3>

<p>The
<gi>term</gi> element is declared using the following syntax:
<eg><![CDATA[<!ELEMENT term (%phrase.content;)>]]</eg>
</p>

<p>L'élément <gi>term</gi> est déclaré en utilisant la syntaxe suivante :
<eg><![CDATA[<!ELEMENT term (%phrase.content;)>]]</eg>
</p>

<p>
 <gi>術語</gi>元素用於以下語法：
<eg><![CDATA[<!ELEMENT term (%phrase.content;)>]]</eg>
</p>

<p>The <gi>xhtml:li</gi> element is roughly analogous to the <gi>item</gi> element, as is the
<gi scheme="DBK">listItem</gi> element.</p>

<p>L'élément <gi>xhtml:li</gi> est grosso modo analogue à l'élément <gi>item</gi>, comme
l'est l'élément <gi scheme="DBK">listItem</gi>.</p>

<p>元素 <gi>xhtml:li</gi>大略類似元素<gi>item</gi>，以及元素 <gi scheme="DBK">listItem</gi>。</p>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model" ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>groups elements used for arbitrary segmentation. </desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and
     any special codes or attribute values used, should be defined explicitly
     in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within
     the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model" ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>regroupe des éléments utilisés pour des segmentations arbitraires. </desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>Les principes selon lesquels la segmentation est effectuée, et tous les codes
     spéciaux ou toutes les valeurs d'attribut utilisées, devraient être définis
     explicitement dans l'élément<gi>segmentation</gi> de l'élément<gi>encodingDesc</gi>
     dans l'en-tête TEI associé.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<classSpec module="tei" type="model" ident="model.segLike">
 <desc>匯集用於隨機分割的元素</desc>
 <classes>
  <memberOf key="model.phrase"/>
 </classes>
 <remarks>
  <p>The principles on which segmentation is carried out, and any special codes or attribute
     values used, should be defined explicitly in the <gi>segmentation</gi> element of the
  <gi>encodingDesc</gi> within the associated TEI header.</p>
 </remarks>
</classSpec>

<elementSpec module="core" ident="foreign">
<!--... -->
 <remarks>
  <p>This element is intended for use only where no other element
     is available to mark the phrase or words concerned. The global
  <att>xml:lang</att> attribute should be used in preference to this element
     where it is intended to mark the language of the whole of some text
     element.</p>
  <p>The <gi>distinct</gi> element may be used to identify phrases
     belonging to sublanguages or registers not generally regarded as true
     languages.</p>
 </remarks>
<!--... -->
</elementSpec>

<exemplum xml:lang="en">
 <p>The <gi>name</gi> element can be used for both personal names and place names:</p>
 <eg><![CDATA[ <q>My dear <name type="person">Mr.
   Bennet</name>,</q> said his lady to him one day,
   <q>have you heard that <name type="place">Netherfield
   Park</name> is let at last?</q>]]></eg>
 <p>As shown above, the <att>type</att> attribute may be used to distinguish the one from the
   other.</p>
</exemplum>

<exemplum>
 <p>L'élément<gi>name</gi> est employé à la fois pour les noms propres de personne et de
   lieu : </p>
 <eg> <q>
   <name type="person">Mrs. Parker</name>, connaît un épicier bulgare, nommé, <name
   type="person">Popochef Rosenfeld</name>qui vient d'arriver de <name type="place"
   >Constantinople</name>. C'est un grand spécialiste en yaourts.</q>
 </eg>
 <p>Comme il est indiqué ci-dessus, l'attribut<att>type</att> peut être utilisé pour
   distinguer un élément de l'autre.</p>
</exemplum>

<exemplum>
 <p>
  <gi>名稱</gi>元素可以同時用於人名以及地名：</p>
 <eg><![CDATA[ <q>我親愛的 <name
   type="person">班耐特</name>先生，</q> 有一天太太對他說，
   <q>你聽到<name type="place">尼得斐莊園</name>
   終於租出去了嗎？</q>]]></eg>
 <p>如上所示，<att>屬性值</att> 可用來分辨人名或地名。</p>
</exemplum>

<valDesc>must point to another <gi>align</gi>
element logically preceding this
one.</valDesc>

<attList>
 <attDef ident="type">
  <desc>describes the form of the list.</desc>
  <datatype>
   <rng:text/>
  </datatype>
  <defaultVal>simple</defaultVal>
  <valList type="semi">
   <valItem ident="ordered">
    <desc>list items are numbered or lettered. </desc>
   </valItem>
   <valItem ident="bulleted">
    <desc>list items are marked with a bullet or other
         typographic device. </desc>
   </valItem>
   <valItem ident="simple">
    <desc>list items are not numbered or bulleted.</desc>
   </valItem>
   <valItem ident="gloss">
    <desc>each list item glosses some term or
         concept, which is given by a label element preceding
         the list item.</desc>
   </valItem>
  </valList>
  <remarks>
   <p>The formal syntax of the element declarations allows
   <gi>label</gi> tags to be omitted from lists tagged <tag>list
         type="gloss"</tag>; this is however a semantic error.</p>
  </remarks>
 </attDef>
</attList>

<valDesc>must point to another <gi>align</gi>
element logically preceding this one.</valDesc>

<valDesc>doit pointer vers un autre élément <gi>align</gi>précédant logiquement
celui-ci.</valDesc>

<valDesc>必須指向另一個的邏輯上先於此的元素<gi>align</gi>
</valDesc>