TEI: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange

P5 Version 4.9.0. Last updated on 24th January 2025, revision f73186978

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Front Matter

Title
i. Releases of the TEI Guidelines
ii. Dedication
iii. Preface and Acknowledgments
iv. About These Guidelines
v. A Gentle Introduction to XML
- v.1. What's Special about XML?
- v.2. Textual Structures
- v.3. XML Structures
  - Elements
  - Content Models: an Example
- v.4. Validating a Document's Structure
  - An Example Schema
    - Generic Identifier
    - Content Model
    - Occurrence Indicators
    - Connectors
    - Groups
- v.5. Complicating the Issue
- v.6. Attributes
  - Declaring Attributes
  - Identifiers and Indicators
- v.7. Other Components of an XML Document
- v.8. Putting It All Together
vi. Languages and Character Sets
- vi.1. Language Identification
- vi.2. Characters and Character Sets

Back Matter

Appendix A Model Classes
- Appendix A.1 About the Model Classes Appendix
Appendix B Attribute Classes
- Appendix B.1 About the Attribute Classes Appendix
Appendix C Elements
- Appendix C.1 About the Elements Appendix
Appendix D Attributes
- Appendix D.1 About the Attributes Appendix
Appendix E Datatypes and Other Macros
- Appendix E.1 About the Datatypes and Macros Appendix
Appendix F Bibliography
- Appendix F.1 Works Cited in Examples in these Guidelines
- Appendix F.2 Works Cited Elsewhere in the Text of these Guidelines
- Appendix F.3 Reading List
  - Appendix F.3.1 Theory of Markup and XML
  - Appendix F.3.2 TEI
Appendix G Deprecations
- Appendix G.1 Items Scheduled to be Removed
Appendix H Prefatory Notes
- Appendix H.1 Prefatory Note (March 2002)
- Appendix H.2 Introductory Note (November 2001)
- Appendix H.3 Introductory Note (June 2001)
- Appendix H.4 Introductory Note (May 1999)
  - Appendix H.4.1 Typographic Corrections Made
  - Appendix H.4.2 Specific Changes in the DTD
  - Appendix H.4.3 Outstanding Errors
- Appendix H.5 Preface (April 1994)
- Appendix H.6 Acknowledgments
  - Appendix H.6.1 TEI Working Committees (1990-1993)
  - Appendix H.6.2 Advisory Board
  - Appendix H.6.3 Steering Committee Membership
Appendix I Colophon

Text Body

1 The TEI Infrastructure
- 1.1 TEI Modules
- 1.2 Defining a TEI Schema
  - 1.2.1 A Simple Customization
  - 1.2.2 A Larger Customization
- 1.3 The TEI Class System
  - 1.3.1 Attribute Classes
    - 1.3.1.1 Global Attributes
  - 1.3.2 Model Classes
    - 1.3.2.1 Informal Element Classifications
- 1.4 Macros
  - 1.4.1 Standard Content Models
  - 1.4.2 Datatype Specifications
- 1.5 The TEI Infrastructure Module
2 The TEI Header
- 2.1 Organization of the TEI Header
  - 2.1.1 The TEI Header and Its Components
  - 2.1.2 Types of Content in the TEI Header
  - 2.1.3 Model Classes in the TEI Header
- 2.2 The File Description
  - 2.2.1 The Title Statement
  - 2.2.2 The Edition Statement
  - 2.2.3 Type and Extent of File
  - 2.2.4 Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.
  - 2.2.5 The Series Statement
  - 2.2.6 The Notes Statement
  - 2.2.7 The Source Description
  - 2.2.8 TEI documents derived from other TEI documents
- 2.3 The Encoding Description
  - 2.3.1 The Project Description
  - 2.3.2 The Sampling Declaration
  - 2.3.3 The Editorial Practices Declaration
  - 2.3.4 The Tagging Declaration
    - 2.3.4.1 Rendition
    - 2.3.4.2 Tag Usage
  - 2.3.5 The Default Style Definition Language Declaration
  - 2.3.6 The Reference System Declaration
    - 2.3.6.1 Prose Method
    - 2.3.6.2 Search-and-Replace Method
    - 2.3.6.3 Milestone Method
  - 2.3.7 The Classification Declaration
  - 2.3.8 The Geographic Coordinates Declaration
  - 2.3.9 The Unit Declaration
  - 2.3.10 The Schema Specification
  - 2.3.11 The Application Information Element
  - 2.3.12 Module-Specific Declarations
- 2.4 The Profile Description
  - 2.4.1 Creation
  - 2.4.2 Language Usage
  - 2.4.3 The Text Classification
  - 2.4.4 Abstracts
  - 2.4.5 Calendar Description
  - 2.4.6 Correspondence Description
- 2.5 Non-TEI Metadata
- 2.6 The Revision Description
- 2.7 Minimal and Recommended Headers
- 2.8 Note for Library Cataloguers
- 2.9 The TEI Header Module
3 Elements Available in All TEI Documents
- 3.1 Paragraphs
- 3.2 Treatment of Punctuation
  - 3.2.1 Functions of Punctuation
  - 3.2.2 Hyphenation
- 3.3 Highlighting and Quotation
  - 3.3.1 What Is Highlighting?
  - 3.3.2 Emphasis, Foreign Words, and Unusual Language
    - 3.3.2.1 Foreign Words or Expressions
    - 3.3.2.2 Emphatic Words and Phrases
    - 3.3.2.3 Other Linguistically Distinct Material
  - 3.3.3 Quotation
- 3.4 Terms and Glosses, Ruby Annotations, and Equivalents and Descriptions
  - 3.4.1 Terms and Glosses
    - 3.4.1.1 Some Further Examples
  - 3.4.2 Ruby Annotations
  - 3.4.3 Equivalents and Descriptions
- 3.5 Simple Editorial Changes
  - 3.5.1 Apparent Errors
  - 3.5.2 Regularization and Normalization
  - 3.5.3 Additions, Deletions, and Omissions
- 3.6 Names, Numbers, Dates, Abbreviations, and Addresses
  - 3.6.1 Referring Strings
  - 3.6.2 Addresses
  - 3.6.3 Numbers and Measures
  - 3.6.4 Dates and Times
  - 3.6.5 Abbreviations and Their Expansions
- 3.7 Simple Links and Cross-References
- 3.8 Lists
- 3.9 Notes, Annotation, and Indexing
  - 3.9.1 Notes and Simple Annotation
    - 3.9.1.1 Encoding Grouped Notes
  - 3.9.2 Index Entries
    - 3.9.2.1 Pre-existing Indexes
    - 3.9.2.2 Auto-generated Indexes
- 3.10 Graphics and Other Non-textual Components
- 3.11 Reference Systems
  - 3.11.1 Using the xml:id and n Attributes
  - 3.11.2 Creating New Reference Systems
    - 3.11.2.1 Referencing system derived from markup
    - 3.11.2.2 Referencing systems based on project conventions
  - 3.11.3 Milestone Elements
  - 3.11.4 Declaring Reference Systems
- 3.12 Bibliographic Citations and References
  - 3.12.1 Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References
  - 3.12.2 Components of Bibliographic References
    - 3.12.2.1 Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels
    - 3.12.2.2 Titles, Authors, and Editors
    - 3.12.2.3 Document Identifiers
    - 3.12.2.4 Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information
    - 3.12.2.5 Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations
    - 3.12.2.6 Series Information
    - 3.12.2.7 Related Items
    - 3.12.2.8 Notes and Statement of Language
    - 3.12.2.9 Order of Components within References
  - 3.12.3 Bibliographic Pointers
  - 3.12.4 Relationship to Other Bibliographic Schemes
- 3.13 Passages of Verse or Drama
  - 3.13.1 Core Tags for Verse
  - 3.13.2 Core Tags for Drama
- 3.14 Overview of the Core Module
4 Default Text Structure
- 4.1 Divisions of the Body
  - 4.1.1 Un-numbered Divisions
  - 4.1.2 Numbered Divisions
  - 4.1.3 Numbered or Un-numbered?
  - 4.1.4 Partial and Composite Divisions
- 4.2 Elements Common to All Divisions
  - 4.2.1 Headings and Trailers
  - 4.2.2 Openers and Closers
  - 4.2.3 Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts
  - 4.2.4 Content of Textual Divisions
- 4.3 Grouped and Floating Texts
  - 4.3.1 Grouped Texts
  - 4.3.2 Floating Texts
- 4.4 Virtual Divisions
- 4.5 Front Matter
- 4.6 Title Pages
- 4.7 Back Matter
- 4.8 Module for Default Text Structure
5 Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes
- 5.1 Is Your Journey Really Necessary?
- 5.2 Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs
  - 5.2.1 Character Properties
- 5.3 Annotating Characters
- 5.4 Adding New Characters
- 5.5 How to Use Code Points from the Private Use Area
- 5.6 Writing Modes
- 5.7 Examples of Different Writing Modes
  - 5.7.1 Vertical Writing Modes
  - 5.7.2 Vertical Text with Embedded Horizontal Text
  - 5.7.3 Vertical Orientation in Horizontal Scripts
  - 5.7.4 Bottom-to-top Writing
  - 5.7.5 Mixed Horizontal Directionality
  - 5.7.6 Summary
- 5.8 Text Rotation
- 5.9 Caveat
- 5.10 Formal Definition
6 Verse
- 6.1 Structural Divisions of Verse Texts
- 6.2 Components of the Verse Line
- 6.3 Encoding Textual Structures Across Verses
- 6.4 Rhyme and Metrical Analysis
  - 6.4.1 Sample Metrical Analyses
  - 6.4.2 Segment-Level versus Line-level Tagging
  - 6.4.3 Metrical Analysis of Stanzaic Verse
- 6.5 Rhyme
- 6.6 Metrical Notation Declaration
- 6.7 Encoding Procedures for Other Verse Features
- 6.8 Module for Verse
7 Performance Texts
- 7.1 Front and Back Matter
  - 7.1.1 The Set Element
  - 7.1.2 Prologues and Epilogues
  - 7.1.3 Records of Performances
  - 7.1.4 Cast Lists
- 7.2 The Body of a Performance Text
  - 7.2.1 Major Structural Divisions
  - 7.2.2 Speeches and Speakers
  - 7.2.3 Grouped Speeches
  - 7.2.4 Stage Directions
  - 7.2.5 Speech Contents
  - 7.2.6 Embedded Structures
  - 7.2.7 Simultaneous Action
- 7.3 Other Types of Performance Text
  - 7.3.1 Technical Information
- 7.4 Module for Performance Texts
8 Transcriptions of Speech
- 8.1 General Considerations and Overview
- 8.2 Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech
- 8.3 Elements Unique to Spoken Texts
  - 8.3.1 Utterances
  - 8.3.2 Pausing
  - 8.3.3 Vocal, Kinesic, Incident
  - 8.3.4 Writing
  - 8.3.5 Temporal Information
  - 8.3.6 Shifts
- 8.4 Elements Defined Elsewhere
  - 8.4.1 Segmentation
  - 8.4.2 Synchronization and Overlap
  - 8.4.3 Regularization of Word Forms
  - 8.4.4 Prosody
  - 8.4.5 Speech Management
  - 8.4.6 Analytic Coding
- 8.5 Module for Transcribed Speech
9 Computer-mediated Communication
- 9.1 General Considerations
- 9.2 Basic Units of CMC
- 9.3 Encoding Unique to CMC
  - 9.3.1 CMC Posts
  - 9.3.2 Attributes Specific to CMC post
  - 9.3.3 Attributes for General CMC Encoding
- 9.4 CMC Macrostructure
  - 9.4.1 Macrostructure of CMC Collections and Documents
  - 9.4.2 Sequences, Sections, Threads
  - 9.4.3 Multimodal CMC
- 9.5 Documenting CMC (and providing general metadata)
  - 9.5.1 Documenting the Source of a Corpus of CMC data
  - 9.5.2 Describing the Source of a CMC Document
  - 9.5.3 Documenting the Sampling of CMC data
  - 9.5.4 Participants
  - 9.5.5 Timeline
- 9.6 Recommendations for Encoding CMC Microstructure
  - 9.6.1 Emojis and Emoticons
  - 9.6.2 Posts with Graphics
  - 9.6.3 Circulation
  - 9.6.4 Linguistic Annotation
  - 9.6.5 Named Entities and Anonymization
- 9.7 The TEI CMC Module
10 Dictionaries
- 10.1 Dictionary Body and Overall Structure
- 10.2 The Structure of Dictionary Entries
  - 10.2.1 Hierarchical Levels
  - 10.2.2 Groups and Constituents
- 10.3 Top-level Constituents of Entries
  - 10.3.1 Information on Written and Spoken Forms
  - 10.3.2 Grammatical Information
  - 10.3.3 Sense Information
    - 10.3.3.1 Definitions
    - 10.3.3.2 Translation Equivalents
  - 10.3.4 Etymological Information
  - 10.3.5 Other Information
    - 10.3.5.1 Examples
    - 10.3.5.2 Usage Information and Other Labels
    - 10.3.5.3 Cross-References to Other Entries
    - 10.3.5.4 Notes within Entries
  - 10.3.6 Related Entries
- 10.4 Headword and Pronunciation References
- 10.5 Typographic and Lexical Information in Dictionary Data
  - 10.5.1 Editorial View
  - 10.5.2 Lexical View
  - 10.5.3 Retaining Both Views
    - 10.5.3.1 Using Attribute Values to Capture Alternate Views
    - 10.5.3.2 Recording Original Locations of Transposed Elements
- 10.6 Unstructured Entries
- 10.7 The Dictionary Module
11 Manuscript Description
- 11.1 Overview
- 11.2 The Manuscript Description Element
- 11.3 Phrase-level Elements
  - 11.3.1 Origination
  - 11.3.2 Material and Object Type
  - 11.3.3 Watermarks and Stamps
  - 11.3.4 Dimensions
  - 11.3.5 References to Locations within a Manuscript
    - 11.3.5.1 Identifying a Location
    - 11.3.5.2 Linking a Location to a Transcription or an Image
    - 11.3.5.3 Using Multiple Location Schemes
  - 11.3.6 Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations
  - 11.3.7 Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio
  - 11.3.8 Heraldry
- 11.4 The Manuscript Identifier
- 11.5 The Manuscript Heading
- 11.6 Intellectual Content
  - 11.6.1 The msItem and msItemStruct Elements
  - 11.6.2 Authors and Titles
  - 11.6.3 Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text
  - 11.6.4 Filiation
  - 11.6.5 Text Classification
  - 11.6.6 Languages and Writing Systems
- 11.7 Physical Description
  - 11.7.1 Object Description
    - 11.7.1.1 Support
    - 11.7.1.2 Extent
    - 11.7.1.3 Collation
    - 11.7.1.4 Foliation
    - 11.7.1.5 Condition
    - 11.7.1.6 Layout Description
  - 11.7.2 Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations
    - 11.7.2.1 Writing
    - 11.7.2.2 Decoration
    - 11.7.2.3 Musical Notation
    - 11.7.2.4 Additions and Marginalia
  - 11.7.3 Bindings, Seals, and Additional Material
    - 11.7.3.1 Binding Descriptions
    - 11.7.3.2 Seals
    - 11.7.3.3 Accompanying Material
- 11.8 History
- 11.9 Additional Information
  - 11.9.1 Administrative Information
    - 11.9.1.1 Record History
    - 11.9.1.2 Availability and Custodial History
  - 11.9.2 Surrogates
- 11.10 Manuscript Parts
- 11.11 Manuscript Fragments
- 11.12 Module for Manuscript Description
12 Representation of Primary Sources
- 12.1 Digital Facsimiles
- 12.2 Combining Transcription with Facsimile
  - 12.2.1 Parallel Transcription
  - 12.2.2 Embedded Transcription
    - 12.2.2.1 Advanced Uses of surface and zone
- 12.3 Scope of Transcriptions
  - 12.3.1 Altered, Corrected, and Erroneous Texts
    - 12.3.1.1 Core Elements for Transcriptional Work
    - 12.3.1.2 Abbreviation and Expansion
    - 12.3.1.3 Correction and Conjecture
    - 12.3.1.4 Additions and Deletions
    - 12.3.1.5 Substitutions
    - 12.3.1.6 Cancellation of Deletions and Other Markings
    - 12.3.1.7 Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription
  - 12.3.2 Hands and Responsibility
    - 12.3.2.1 Document Hands
    - 12.3.2.2 Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes
  - 12.3.3 Damage and Conjecture
    - 12.3.3.1 Damage, Illegibility, and Supplied Text
    - 12.3.3.2 Use of the gap, del, damage, unclear, and supplied Elements in Combination
  - 12.3.4 Marking up the Writing Process
    - 12.3.4.1 Generic Modification
    - 12.3.4.2 Metamarks
    - 12.3.4.3 Fixation and Clarification
    - 12.3.4.4 Confirmation, Cancellation, and Reinstatement of Modifications
    - 12.3.4.5 Transpositions
    - 12.3.4.6 Alternative Readings
    - 12.3.4.7 Instant Corrections
- 12.4 Aspects of Layout
  - 12.4.1 Space
  - 12.4.2 Lines
- 12.5 Transcription and Ruby
- 12.6 Headers, Footers, and Similar Matter
- 12.7 Identifying Changes and Revisions
- 12.8 Other Primary Source Features not Covered in these Guidelines
- 12.9 Module for Transcription of Primary Sources
13 Critical Apparatus
- 13.1 The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses
  - 13.1.1 The Apparatus Entry
  - 13.1.2 Readings
  - 13.1.3 Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries
  - 13.1.4 Witness Information
    - 13.1.4.1 Witness Detail Information
    - 13.1.4.2 Witness Information in the Source
    - 13.1.4.3 The Witness List
  - 13.1.5 Fragmentary Witnesses
- 13.2 Linking the Apparatus to the Text
  - 13.2.1 The Location-referenced Method
  - 13.2.2 The Double End-Point Attachment Method
  - 13.2.3 The Parallel Segmentation Method
  - 13.2.4 Other Linking Methods
- 13.3 Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions
- 13.4 Strategies for Encoding Variation
- 13.5 Module for Critical Apparatus
14 Names, Dates, People, and Places
- 14.1 Attribute Classes Defined by This Module
  - 14.1.1 Linking Names and Their Referents
  - 14.1.2 Dating Attributes
- 14.2 Names
  - 14.2.1 Personal Names
  - 14.2.2 Organizational Names
  - 14.2.3 Place Names
    - 14.2.3.1 Geo-political Place Names
    - 14.2.3.2 Geographic Names
    - 14.2.3.3 Relative Place Names
  - 14.2.4 Event Names
  - 14.2.5 Object Names
- 14.3 Biographical and Prosopographical Data
  - 14.3.1 Basic Principles
  - 14.3.2 The Person Element
    - 14.3.2.1 Personal Characteristics
    - 14.3.2.2 Personal Events
    - 14.3.2.3 Personal Relationships
  - 14.3.3 Organizational Data
  - 14.3.4 Places
    - 14.3.4.1 Varieties of Location
    - 14.3.4.2 Multiple Places
    - 14.3.4.3 States, Traits, and Events
    - 14.3.4.4 Relations Between Places
  - 14.3.5 Events
  - 14.3.6 Objects
  - 14.3.7 Names and Nyms
- 14.4 Dates
  - 14.4.1 Relative Dates and Times
  - 14.4.2 Absolute Dates and Times
  - 14.4.3 More Expressive Normalizations
  - 14.4.4 Using Non-Gregorian Calendars
- 14.5 Module for Names and Dates
15 Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music
- 15.1 Tables
  - 15.1.1 TEI Tables
  - 15.1.2 Other Table Schemas
- 15.2 Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions
- 15.3 Notated Music in Written Text
- 15.4 Specific Elements for Graphic Images
- 15.5 Overview of Basic Graphics Concepts
- 15.6 Graphic Image Formats
  - 15.6.1 Vector Graphic Formats
  - 15.6.2 Raster Graphic Formats
  - 15.6.3 Photographic and Motion Video Formats
- 15.7 Module for Tables, Formulæ, Notated Music, and Graphics
16 Language Corpora
- 16.1 Varieties of Composite Text
- 16.2 Contextual Information
  - 16.2.1 The Text Description
  - 16.2.2 The Participant Description
  - 16.2.3 The Setting Description
- 16.3 Associating Contextual Information with a Text
  - 16.3.1 Combining Corpus and Text Headers
  - 16.3.2 Declarable Elements
  - 16.3.3 Summary
- 16.4 Linguistic Annotation of Corpora
  - 16.4.1 Levels of Analysis
- 16.5 Recommendations for the Encoding of Large Corpora
- 16.6 Module for Language Corpora
17 Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment
- 17.1 Links
  - 17.1.1 Pointers and Links
  - 17.1.2 Using Pointers and Links
  - 17.1.3 Groups of Links
  - 17.1.4 Intermediate Pointers
- 17.2 Pointing Mechanisms
  - 17.2.1 Pointing Elsewhere
  - 17.2.2 Pointing Locally
  - 17.2.3 Using Abbreviated Pointers
  - 17.2.4 TEI XPointer Schemes
    - 17.2.4.1 Introduction to TEI Pointers
    - 17.2.4.2 xpath()
    - 17.2.4.3 left()
    - 17.2.4.4 right()
    - 17.2.4.5 string-index()
    - 17.2.4.6 range()
    - 17.2.4.7 string-range()
    - 17.2.4.8 match()
  - 17.2.5 Canonical References
    - 17.2.5.1 Worked Example
    - 17.2.5.2 Complete and Partial URI Examples
    - 17.2.5.3 Miscellaneous Usages
    - 17.2.5.4 Citation Structures
- 17.3 Blocks, Segments, and Anchors
- 17.4 Synchronization
  - 17.4.1 Aligning Synchronous Events
  - 17.4.2 Placing Synchronous Events in Time
- 17.5 Correspondence and Alignment
  - 17.5.1 Correspondence
  - 17.5.2 Alignment of Parallel Texts
  - 17.5.3 A Three-way Alignment
- 17.6 Identical Elements and Virtual Copies
- 17.7 Aggregation
- 17.8 Alternation
- 17.9 Stand-off Markup
  - 17.9.1 Introduction
  - 17.9.2 Overview of XInclude
  - 17.9.3 Stand-off Markup in TEI
  - 17.9.4 Well-formedness and Validity of Stand-off Markup
  - 17.9.5 Including Text or XML Fragments
- 17.10 The standOff Container
- 17.11 Annotations
- 17.12 Connecting Analytic and Textual Markup
- 17.13 Module for Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment
18 Simple Analytic Mechanisms
- 18.1 Linguistic Segment Categories
  - 18.1.1 Words and Above
  - 18.1.2 Below the Word Level
- 18.2 Global Attributes for Simple Analyses
- 18.3 Spans and Interpretations
- 18.4 Linguistic Annotation
  - 18.4.1 Linguistic Annotation by Means of Generic TEI Devices
  - 18.4.2 Lightweight Linguistic Annotation
  - 18.4.3 Spoken Text
- 18.5 Module for Analysis and Interpretation
19 Feature Structures
- 19.1 Organization of this Chapter
- 19.2 Elementary Feature Structures and the Binary Feature Value
- 19.3 Other Atomic Feature Values
- 19.4 Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries
- 19.5 Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values
- 19.6 Re-entrant Feature Structures
- 19.7 Collections as Complex Feature Values
- 19.8 Feature Value Expressions
  - 19.8.1 Alternation
  - 19.8.2 Negation
  - 19.8.3 Collection of Values
- 19.9 Default Values
- 19.10 Linking Text and Analysis
- 19.11 Feature System Declaration
  - 19.11.1 Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations
  - 19.11.2 The Overall Structure of a Feature System Declaration
  - 19.11.3 Feature Declarations
  - 19.11.4 Feature Structure Constraints
  - 19.11.5 A Complete Example
- 19.12 Formal Definition and Implementation
20 Graphs, Networks, and Trees
- 20.1 Graphs and Digraphs
  - 20.1.1 Transition Networks
  - 20.1.2 Family Trees
  - 20.1.3 Historical Interpretation
- 20.2 Trees
- 20.3 Another Tree Notation
- 20.4 Representing Textual Transmission
- 20.5 Module for Graphs, Networks, and Trees
21 Non-hierarchical Structures
- 21.1 Multiple Encodings of the Same Information
- 21.2 Boundary Marking with Empty Elements
- 21.3 Fragmentation and Reconstitution of Virtual Elements
- 21.4 Stand-off Markup
- 21.5 Non-XML-based Approaches
22 Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility
- 22.1 Levels of Certainty
  - 22.1.1 Using Notes to Record Uncertainty
  - 22.1.2 Structured Indications of Uncertainty
    - 22.1.2.1 Contingent Conditions
    - 22.1.2.2 Pervasive Conditions
    - 22.1.2.3 Content Uncertainty
    - 22.1.2.4 Target or Match?
- 22.2 Indications of Precision
- 22.3 Attribution of Responsibility
- 22.4 The Certainty Module
23 Documentation Elements
- 23.1 Phrase Level Documentary Elements
  - 23.1.1 Phrase Level Terms
  - 23.1.2 Element and Attribute Descriptions
- 23.2 Modules and Schemas
- 23.3 Specification Elements
- 23.4 Common Elements
  - 23.4.1 Description of Components
  - 23.4.2 Exemplification of Components
  - 23.4.3 Classification of Components
- 23.5 Element Specifications
  - 23.5.1 Defining Content Models
    - 23.5.1.1 Defining Content Models: TEI
    - 23.5.1.2 Defining Content Models: RELAX NG
  - 23.5.2 Additional Constraints
  - 23.5.3 Attribute List Specification
    - 23.5.3.1 Datatypes
    - 23.5.3.2 Value Specification
  - 23.5.4 Processing Models
    - 23.5.4.1 The TEI processing model
    - 23.5.4.2 Output Rendition
    - 23.5.4.3 CSS Class
    - 23.5.4.4 Model Contexts and Outputs
    - 23.5.4.5 Behaviours and their parameters
    - 23.5.4.6 Outputs
    - 23.5.4.7 Model sequence
    - 23.5.4.8 Defining a processing model
    - 23.5.4.9 Implementation of Processing Models
- 23.6 Class Specifications
- 23.7 Macro Specifications
- 23.8 Building a TEI Schema
  - 23.8.1 TEI customizations
  - 23.8.2 Combining TEI and Non-TEI Modules
  - 23.8.3 Linking Schemas to XML Documents
- 23.9 Module for Documentation Elements
24 Using the TEI
- 24.1 Serving TEI files with the TEI Media Type
- 24.2 Obtaining the TEI
- 24.3 Customization
  - 24.3.1 Kinds of Modification
    - 24.3.1.1 Deletion of Elements
    - 24.3.1.2 Modification of Content Models
    - 24.3.1.3 Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists
    - 24.3.1.4 Class Modification
    - 24.3.1.5 Addition of New Elements
    - 24.3.1.6 Renaming of Elements
  - 24.3.2 Modification and Namespaces
  - 24.3.3 Documenting the Modification
  - 24.3.4 Examples of Modification
- 24.4 Conformance
  - 24.4.1 Well-formedness Criterion
  - 24.4.2 Validation Constraint
  - 24.4.3 Conformance to the TEI Abstract Model
    - 24.4.3.1 Semantic Constraints
    - 24.4.3.2 Mandatory Components of a TEI Document
  - 24.4.4 Use of the TEI Namespace
  - 24.4.5 Documentation Constraint
  - 24.4.6 Varieties of TEI Conformance
- 24.5 Implementation of an ODD System
  - 24.5.1 Making a Unified ODD
  - 24.5.2 Generating Schemas
  - 24.5.3 Names and Documentation in Generated Schemas
  - 24.5.4 Making a RELAX NG Schema
    - 24.5.4.1 Macros
    - 24.5.4.2 Classes
    - 24.5.4.3 Elements
  - 24.5.5 Making a DTD
  - 24.5.6 Generating Documentation
  - 24.5.7 Using TEI Parameterized Schema Fragments
    - 24.5.7.1 Selection of Modules
    - 24.5.7.2 Inclusion and Exclusion of Elements
    - 24.5.7.3 Changing the Names of Generic Identifiers
    - 24.5.7.4 Embedding Local Modifications (DTD only)

TEI sourcecode

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TEI Guidelines P5 Version 4.9.0. Last updated on 24th January 2025, revision f73186978. This page generated on 2025-01-24T20:08:07Z.