Example: <custEvent> (custodial event)
These search results reproduce every example of the use of <custEvent> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <custEvent> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.
10 Manuscript Description
10.9.1.2 Availability and Custodial History
<custodialHist>
<custEvent type="conservation"
notBefore="1961-03-01" notAfter="1963-02-28">
<p>Conserved between March 1961 and February 1963 at Birgitte Dalls
Konserveringsværksted.</p>
</custEvent>
<custEvent type="photography"
notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30">
<p>Photographed in May 1988 by AMI/FA.</p>
</custEvent>
<custEvent type="transfer"
notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13">
<p>Dispatched to Iceland 13 November 1989.</p>
</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
<custEvent type="conservation"
notBefore="1961-03-01" notAfter="1963-02-28">
<p>Conserved between March 1961 and February 1963 at Birgitte Dalls
Konserveringsværksted.</p>
</custEvent>
<custEvent type="photography"
notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30">
<p>Photographed in May 1988 by AMI/FA.</p>
</custEvent>
<custEvent type="transfer"
notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13">
<p>Dispatched to Iceland 13 November 1989.</p>
</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
<custodialHist>
<custEvent type="conservation"
notBefore="1961-03" notAfter="1963-02">Conserved between March 1961 and February 1963 at
Birgitte Dalls Konserveringsværksted.</custEvent>
<custEvent type="photography"
notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30">Photographed in
May 1988 by AMI/FA.</custEvent>
<custEvent type="transfer-dispatch"
notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13">Dispatched to Iceland
13 November 1989.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
<custEvent type="conservation"
notBefore="1961-03" notAfter="1963-02">Conserved between March 1961 and February 1963 at
Birgitte Dalls Konserveringsværksted.</custEvent>
<custEvent type="photography"
notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30">Photographed in
May 1988 by AMI/FA.</custEvent>
<custEvent type="transfer-dispatch"
notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13">Dispatched to Iceland
13 November 1989.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
<custodialHist>
<custEvent type="conservation"
notBefore="1961-03" notAfter="1963-02"> Conserved between
March 1961 and February 1963 at Birgitte Dalls Konserveringsværksted.</custEvent>
<custEvent type="photography"
notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30"> Photographed
in May 1988 by AMI/FA.</custEvent>
<custEvent type="transfer-dispatch"
notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13"> Dispatched to Iceland 13 November 1989.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
<custEvent type="conservation"
notBefore="1961-03" notAfter="1963-02"> Conserved between
March 1961 and February 1963 at Birgitte Dalls Konserveringsværksted.</custEvent>
<custEvent type="photography"
notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30"> Photographed
in May 1988 by AMI/FA.</custEvent>
<custEvent type="transfer-dispatch"
notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13"> Dispatched to Iceland 13 November 1989.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
<custodialHist>
<custEvent type="conservation"
notBefore="1961-03" notAfter="1963-02"> 1961年3月至1963年2月保存於北京國家文物典藏館</custEvent>
<custEvent type="photography"
notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30">1988年5月由國家攝影協會攝製</custEvent>
<custEvent type="transfer-dispatch"
notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13"> 1989年11月13日發送至冰島</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
<custEvent type="conservation"
notBefore="1961-03" notAfter="1963-02"> 1961年3月至1963年2月保存於北京國家文物典藏館</custEvent>
<custEvent type="photography"
notBefore="1988-05-01" notAfter="1988-05-30">1988年5月由國家攝影協會攝製</custEvent>
<custEvent type="transfer-dispatch"
notBefore="1989-11-13" notAfter="1989-11-13"> 1989年11月13日發送至冰島</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
<custEvent type="photography">Photographed by David Cooper on <date>12 Dec 1964</date>
</custEvent>
</custEvent>
<custEvent type="photography">Photographed by David Cooper on <date>12 Dec
1964</date>
</custEvent>
1964</date>
</custEvent>
<custEvent type="photography">大衛．庫柏攝於<date>1964年12月12日</date>
</custEvent>
</custEvent>
13 Names, Dates, People, and Places
<listObject>
<object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
<objectIdentifier>
<objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
<idno type="carter">256a</idno>
<idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
<idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
<institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
<address>
<street>15 Meret Basha</street>
<district>Ismailia</district>
<settlement>Cairo</settlement>
<country>Egypt</country>
<location>
<geo>30.047778, 31.233333</geo>
</location>
</address>
</objectIdentifier>
<msContents>
<p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
<p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
(Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolise Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
</physDesc>
<history>
<origin>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
</origin>
<provenance>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
</p>
</provenance>
<acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
</history>
<additional>
<adminInfo>
<custodialHist>
<custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
<custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
<custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
</adminInfo>
</additional>
</object>
</listObject>
<object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
<objectIdentifier>
<objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
<idno type="carter">256a</idno>
<idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
<idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
<institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
<address>
<street>15 Meret Basha</street>
<district>Ismailia</district>
<settlement>Cairo</settlement>
<country>Egypt</country>
<location>
<geo>30.047778, 31.233333</geo>
</location>
</address>
</objectIdentifier>
<msContents>
<p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
<p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
(Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolise Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
</physDesc>
<history>
<origin>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
</origin>
<provenance>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
</p>
</provenance>
<acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
</history>
<additional>
<adminInfo>
<custodialHist>
<custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
<custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
<custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
</adminInfo>
</additional>
</object>
</listObject>
<object type="building" xml:lang="en"
xml:id="UNAM-CL">
<objectIdentifier>
<objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
<objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
<objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
<settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
<region>Coyoacán</region>
<country>Mexico</country>
</objectIdentifier>
<physDesc>
<objectDesc>
<p> The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
type="area">16 thousand square
meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
<objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
pre-Hispanic art.</p>
<p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
<material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
and administrative offices of the library.</p>
<p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
<persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
</objectDesc>
<decoDesc>
<decoNote>
<label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
<decoNote>
<label>Murals</label>
<p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>. </p>
</decoNote>
</decoDesc>
</physDesc>
<history>
<origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
<origDate when="1956-04-05"
type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
world heritage site. </origin>
</history>
<additional>
<adminInfo>
<custodialHist>
<custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
collections. </custEvent>
</custodialHist>
</adminInfo>
</additional>
</object>
xml:id="UNAM-CL">
<objectIdentifier>
<objectName type="abbr">The Central Library of UNAM</objectName>
<objectName type="full">The Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico</objectName>
<objectName xml:lang="es">La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</objectName>
<settlement>Mexico City</settlement>
<region>Coyoacán</region>
<country>Mexico</country>
</objectIdentifier>
<physDesc>
<objectDesc>
<p> The Central Library encompasses an area of <dim unit="m" quantity="16000"
type="area">16 thousand square
meters</dim> and is built on a three meter platform. The base contains two <material>basalt</material>
<objectType>fountains</objectType> and <objectType>decorative reliefs</objectType> inspired by
pre-Hispanic art.</p>
<p>The library has ten windowless floors for book storage, each having enough space for 120 thousand volumes.
These storage areas have the necessary lighting, temperature and humidty conditions for book conservation.
In the reading room, flanked by a garden on each side, the diffuse and matte light is filtered through
<material>thin tecali stone slabs</material>. The semi-basement of the building contains the service
and administrative offices of the library.</p>
<p>The building facades are covered with one of the largest murals in the world and is made from naturally
colored stone tiles. It is entitled <title>Historical Representation of Culture</title> and is by
<persName role="artist">Juan O'Gorman</persName>.</p>
</objectDesc>
<decoDesc>
<decoNote>
<label>Base</label> At the base of the building there are two basalt fountains and decorative reliefs
around the outside that are inspired by pre-Hispanic art. The color of the stone in these elements is left
exposed to take advantage of the stone's texture as an aesthetic and expressive element, and to give a
sense of continuity to the external pavement.</decoNote>
<decoNote>
<label>Murals</label>
<p>The outside windowless portion of the building contains one of the largest murals in the world. This is
called <title>Historical Representation of the Culture</title> and is a <material>stone polychromatic
mosaic</material> based on the combination of 12 basic colors. The mural is created in an
impressionist style where the coloured tiles when seen from a distance form specific figures. The 12
colors where chosen from 150 samples of original stones with the criteria including the stone's
resistance to degredation by weather. According to the artist, <persName role="artist">Juan
O'Gorman</persName>, in the mosaic he represented three fundamental historical facets of the Mexican
culture: the pre-Hispanic era, the Spanish colonial era, and the modern age. For example with the North
Wall, this represents the pre-Hispanic era and is dominated by mythical elements relating to the
life-death duality. The left side of the main axis there are
deities and scenes pertaining to the creation of life. The right hand side of the mural contains figures
relating to death. For a more detailed description see <ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_(UNAM)#Murals</ref>. </p>
</decoNote>
</decoDesc>
</physDesc>
<history>
<origin> In <origDate when="1948" type="conceptual">1948</origDate> the architect and artist Juan O'Gorman, in
collaboration with architects Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco designed the building with a
functionalist approach, as part of the greater project of the construction of the University City on the
grounds of the Pedregal de San Angel in Mexico City. Originally the building was planned to host the National
Library and National Newspaper Library of Mexico. The library finally opened its doors for the first time on
<origDate when="1956-04-05"
type="opening">5 April 1956</origDate>. In July 2007 it was declared a UNESCO
world heritage site. </origin>
</history>
<additional>
<adminInfo>
<custodialHist>
<custEvent from="1981" to="1983"> The library was significantly remodelled from 1981 - 1983 with the
purpose of changing from closed shelving to open stacks, providing users more direct access to the
collections. </custEvent>
</custodialHist>
</adminInfo>
</additional>
</object>
<listObject>
<object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
<objectIdentifier>
<objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
<idno type="carter">256a</idno>
<idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
<idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
<institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
<address>
<street>15 Meret Basha</street>
<district>Ismailia</district>
<settlement>Cairo</settlement>
<country>Egypt</country>
<location>
<geo>30.047778, 31.233333</geo>
</location>
</address>
</objectIdentifier>
<msContents>
<p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
<p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
(Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolise Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
</physDesc>
<history>
<origin>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
</origin>
<provenance>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
</p>
</provenance>
<acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
</history>
<additional>
<adminInfo>
<custodialHist>
<custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
<custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
<custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
</adminInfo>
</additional>
</object>
</listObject>
<object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
<objectIdentifier>
<objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
<idno type="carter">256a</idno>
<idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
<idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
<institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
<address>
<street>15 Meret Basha</street>
<district>Ismailia</district>
<settlement>Cairo</settlement>
<country>Egypt</country>
<location>
<geo>30.047778, 31.233333</geo>
</location>
</address>
</objectIdentifier>
<msContents>
<p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
<p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
(Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolise Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
</physDesc>
<history>
<origin>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
</origin>
<provenance>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
</p>
</provenance>
<acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
</history>
<additional>
<adminInfo>
<custodialHist>
<custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
<custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
<custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
</adminInfo>
</additional>
</object>
</listObject>