P5: TEIガイドライン

TEI: Origination¶10.3.1 Origination

The following elements may be used to provide information about the origins of any aspect of a manuscript:

• origDate (origin date) 手書き資料が生まれた日付を特定するたための日付を示す．
• origPlace (origin place) 手書き資料が生まれた場所を特定するための場所を示す．

The origDate and origPlace elements are specialized forms of the existing date and name elements respectively, used to indicate specifically the date and place of origin of a manuscript or manuscript part. Such information would normally be encoded within the history element, discussed in section 10.8 History. origDate and origPlace can also be used to identify the place or date of origin of any aspect of the manuscript, such as its decoration or binding, when these are not of the same date or from the same location as rest of the manuscript. Both these elements are members of the att.editLike class, from which they inherit many attributes.

The origDate element is a member of the att.datable class, and may thus also carry additional attributes giving normalized values for the associated dating.

TEI: Material and Object Type¶10.3.2 Material and Object Type

The material element can be used to tag any specific term used for the physical material of which a manuscript (or binding, seal, etc.) is composed. The objectType element may be used to tag any term specifying the type of object or manuscript upon with the text is written.

• material 手書き資料を構成する素材を表す語句を示す．
• objectType contains a word or phrase describing the type of object being referred to.

TEI: Watermarks and Stamps¶10.3.3 Watermarks and Stamps

Two further elements are provided to mark up other decorative features characteristic of manuscript leaves and bindings:

• watermark すかし模様などを表す語句を示す．
• stamp 印などにある語句を示す．

If, as here, any text contained by a stamp is included in its description it should be clearly distinguished from that description. The element mentioned may be used for this purpose, as shown above.

TEI: Dimensions¶10.3.4 Dimensions

The dimensions element can be used to specify the size of some aspect of the manuscript, and thus may be thought of as a specialized form of the existing TEI measure element.

• dimensions 大きさ・程度を示す．

  type	当該計測対象を示す． 例としての値は以下の通り: 1] leaves; 2] ruled; 3] pricked; 4] written; 5] miniatures; 6] binding; 7] box

The dimensions element will normally occur within the element describing the particular feature or aspect of a manuscript whose dimensions are being given; thus the size of the leaves would be specified within the support or extent element (part of the physDesc element discussed in 10.7.1 Object Description), while the dimensions of other specific parts of a manuscript, such as accompanying materials, binding, etc., would be given in other parts of the description, as appropriate.

The following elements are available within the dimensions element:

• height 背に沿って計測された大きさを示す．
• width 背に対して直角に計測される計測値を示す．
• depth 冊子の背と平行した深さを示す．
• dim contains any single measurement forming part of a dimensional specification of some sort.

These elements, as well as dimensions itself, are all members of the att.dimensions class, which also inherits attributes from the att.ranging class. They all thus carry the following attributes:

• att.dimensions 物理的対象の大きさを表す属性を示す．

  scope	対象物が複数あった場合に，当該数値の適応範囲を示す。 例としての値は以下の通り: 1] all; 2] most; 3] range
  extent	単一の文字列の数量と単位を組み合わせたプロジェクト固有の語彙を使用して，関連するオブジェクトのサイズを示す。
  unit	当該大きさの単位を示す． 提案する値は以下の通り: 1] cm (centimetres); 2] mm (millimetres); 3] in (inches); 4] line; 5] char (characters)
  quantity	当該単位の大きさを示す．

• att.ranging provides attributes for describing numerical ranges.

  atLeast	gives a minimum estimated value for the approximate measurement.
  atMost	gives a maximum estimated value for the approximate measurement.
  min	where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the minimum value observed.
  max	where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the maximum value observed.

Attributes scope, min, and max are used only when the measurement applies to several items, for example the size of all leaves in a manuscript; attributes atLeast and atMost are used when the measurement applies to a single item, for example the size of a specific codex, but has had to be estimated. Attribute quantity is used when the measurement can be given exactly, and applies to a single item; this is the usual situation. In this case, the units in which dimensions are measured may be specified using the unit attribute, the value of which will normally be taken from a closed set of values appropriate to the project, using standard units of measurement wherever possible, such as cm, mm, in, line, char. If however the only data available for the measurement uses some other unit, or it is preferred to normalize it in some other way, then it may be supplied as a string value by means of the extent attribute.

The order in which components of the dimensions element may be supplied is not constrained.

TEI: References to Locations within a Manuscript¶10.3.5 References to Locations within a Manuscript

The locus and its grouping element locusGrp element are specialized forms of the ref element, used to indicate a location, or sequence of locations, within a manuscript.

• locus 手書き資料中の場所を定義する．一般には，(多くの場合不連続の)一連の折 丁参照による．

  from	正規化された形で，当該場所の始点を示す．
  to	正規化された形で，当該場所の終点を示す．
  scheme	当該場所を指定するための折丁スキームを特定する．

• locusGrp groups a number of locations which together form a distinct but discontinuous item within a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object.

  scheme

  identifies the foliation scheme in terms of which all the locations contained by the group are specified by pointing to some foliation element defining it, or to some other equivalent resource.

The locus element is used to reference a single location within a manuscript, typically to specify the location occupied by the element within which it appears. If, for example, it is used as the first component of a msItem or msItemStruct element, or of any of the more specific elements appearing within one (see further section 10.6 Intellectual Content below) then it is understood to specify the location (or locations) of that item within the manuscript being described.

TEI: Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations¶10.3.6 Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations

The standard TEI element name may be used to identify names of any kind occurring within a description:

• name (name, proper noun) 固有名詞．

As further discussed in 3.5.1 Referring Strings, this element is a member of the class att.canonical, from which it inherits the following attributes:

• att.canonical 名前やタイトルのような表現を参照対象についての典拠情報と関連付けるのに利用する属性を提供する．

  key	何らかのコード化された値を用いて，名付けられたエンティティを識別する外部的に定義された手段を提供する．
  ref	(参照) 一つ以上のURIを用いて，名付けられたエンティティの完全な定義かIDを参照するための明確な手段を提供する．

Alternatively, the key attribute may be used to supply a unique identifying code for the person referenced by the name independently of both the existence of a person element and the use of the standard URI reference mechanism. If, for example, a project maintains as its authority file some non-digital resource, or uses a database which cannot readily be integrated with other digital resources for this purpose, the unique codes used by such ‘offline’ resources may be used as values for the key attribute. Although such practices clearly reduce the interchangeability of the resulting encoded texts, they may be judged more convenient or practical in certain situations. As explained in 3.5.1 Referring Strings, interchange is improved by use of tag URIs in ref instead of key.

All the person elements referenced by a particular document set should be collected together within a listPerson element, located in the TEI header. This functions as a kind of prosopography for all the people referenced by the set of manuscripts being described, in much the same way as a listBibl element in the back matter may be used to hold bibliographic information for all the works referenced.

When the namesdates module described in chapter 13 Names, Dates, People, and Places is included in a schema, similar mechanisms are used to maintain and reference canonical lists of places or organizations, as further discussed in sections 13.2.3 Place Names and 13.2.2 Organizational Names respectively.

TEI: Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio¶10.3.7 Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio

TEI: Heraldry¶10.3.8 Heraldry

TEI: The msItem and msItemStruct Elements¶10.6.1 The <msItem> and <msItemStruct> Elements

Each discrete item in a manuscript or manuscript part can be described within a distinct msItem or msItemStruct element, and may be classified using the class attribute.

These are the possible component elements of msItem and msItemStruct.

• author 書誌情報における，著作者(個人・団体)の名前を示す．書誌項目における歴 任者を示す第一位の記述を示す．
• respStmt (statement of responsibility) 著者や編集者など特定の役割を示す要素が充分ではない場合に，テキスト， 版，記録などの知的内容に関する責任を示す．
• title 作品の完全なタイトルを示す．

  type	当該タイトルを分類する． 例としての値は以下の通り: 1] main; 2] sub (subordinate); 3] alt (alternate); 4] short; 5] desc (descriptive)

• rubric 朱書き部分，すなわち，手書き資料の見出し部分のテキスト を示す．手書き資料中にあるあるテキスト部分の始点を示すもので，よく著 者やタイトルが記されている．テキストとは異なって示されており，一般に は赤いインクで書かれている．または，異なる大きさや種類の字体が使われ るなど，ある視覚効果が使われている．
• incipit 手書き資料の冒頭語句(incipit)を示す．冒頭語句とは，テキ ストの書き出しにある語句で，これに先行してある朱書き部分を除いた，当 該作品を特定するに充分な文量の部分である． 冒頭語句は，タイトル部分において，作品への参照を示す手段としてよく使 用されていた．
• quote (quotation) 語り手や著者が，当該テキスト外にあるものに向けた，一節を示す．
• explicit 手書き資料の巻末語句(explicit)を示す．すなわち，当該テ キストの終了を示す語句のことである．これは，朱書き部分(rubric)やコロ フォン(奥付情報)とは異なる．
• finalRubric テキスト部分の終わりを示す文字列を示す．その著者やタイトルを含むこと がある．一般には，テキスト中にある朱書きや，大きさや種類の異なる字体 など，異なる視覚効果で示されている．
• colophon 当該手書き資料のコロフォン(奥付情報)を示す．例えば，制 作の日時，場所，主体，制作主体，制作理由など．
• decoNote (note on decoration) 当該手書き資料の装飾要素またはそのようなものを示す．
• listBibl (citation list) 書誌項目引用のリストを示す．
• bibl (bibliographic citation) 厳密でない構造を持つ書誌情報の引用を含む．下位要素で明示されていたり， いなかったりする．
• filiation 手書き資料の親子関係，すなわち，同じテキストを持つ現存 する手書き資料と，その原本(protographs), 異本(antigraphs), 転写本(apographs)との関係．
• note 注釈・コメント．
• textLang (text language) 手書き資料中の言語や書記システムを示す．(要素langUsageにあ る情報と対位する)

In addition, a msItemStruct may contain nested msItemStruct elements, just as an msItem may contain nested msItem elements.

The main difference between msItem and msItemStruct is that in the former, the order and number of child elements is not constrained; any element, in other words, may be given in any order, and repeated as often as is judged necessary. In the latter, however, the sub-elements, if used, must be given in the order specified above and only some of them may be repeated; specifically, rubric, finalRubric. incipit, textLang and explicit can appear only once.

While neither msItem nor msItemStruct may contain untagged running text, both permit an unstructured description to be provided in the form of one or more paragraphs of text. They differ in this respect also: if paragraphs are supplied as the content of an msItem, then none of the other component elements listed above is permitted; in the msItemStruct case, however, paragraphs may appear anywhere as an alternative to any of the component elements listed above.

As noted above, both msItem and msItemStruct elements may also nest, where a number of separate items in a manuscript are grouped under a single title or rubric, as is the case, for example, with a work like The Canterbury Tales.

The elements ex, am, and expan used in the above example are further discussed in section 11.3.1.2 Abbreviation and Expansion; they are available only when the transcr module defined by that chapter is selected. Similarly, the g element used in this example to represent the abbreviation mark is defined by the gaiji module documented in chapter 5 Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes.

TEI: Authors and Titles¶10.6.2 Authors and Titles

When used within a manuscript description, the title element should be used to supply a regularized form of the item's title, as distinct from any rubric quoted from the manuscript. If the item concerned has a standardized distinctive title, e.g. Roman de la Rose, then this should be the form given as content of the title element, with the value of the type attribute given as uniform. If no uniform title exists for an item, or none has been yet identified, or if one wishes to provide a general designation of the contents, then a ‘supplied’ title can be given, e.g. missal, in which case the type attribute on the title should be given the value supplied.

Similarly, if used within a manuscript description, the author element should always contain the normalized form of an author's name, irrespective of how (or whether) this form of the name is cited in the manuscript. If it is desired to retain the form of the author's name as given in the manuscript, this may be tagged as a distinct name element, within the text at the point where it occurs.

Note that the key attribute can also be used, as on names in general, to specify the identifier of a person element carrying full details of the person concerned (see further 10.3.6 Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations).

TEI: Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text¶10.6.3 Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

The xml:lang attribute for colophon, explicit, incipit, quote, and rubric may always be used to identify the language of the text quoted, if this is different from the default language specified by the mainLang attribute on textLang.

TEI: Filiation¶10.6.4 Filiation

TEI: Text Classification¶10.6.5 Text Classification

TEI: Languages and Writing Systems¶10.6.6 Languages and Writing Systems

The form and scope of language identifiers recommended by these Guidelines is based on the IANA standard described at vi.1. Language Identification and should be followed throughout. Where additional detail is needed correctly to describe a language, or to discuss its deployment in a given text, this should be done using the langUsage element in the TEI header, within which individual language elements document the languages used: see 2.4.2 Language Usage.

TEI: Object Description¶10.7.1 Object Description

The objectDesc element is used to group together those parts of the physical description which relate specifically to the text-bearing object, its format, constitution, layout, etc. The form attribute is used to indicate the specific type of writing vehicle being described, for example, as a codex, roll, tablet, etc. If used it must appear first in the sequence of specialized elements. The objectDesc element has two parts: a description of the support, i.e. the physical carrier on which the text is inscribed; and a description of the layout, i.e. the way text is organized on the carrier.

Taking these in turn, the description of the support is tagged using the following elements, each of which is discussed in more detail below:

• supportDesc (support description) 手書き資料のテキスト部分を作る物理的な素材を示す要素をまとめる．
• support 手書き資料でテキストが書かれている部分を作る物理的な素材に関する説明 を示す．
• extent 電子・非電子テキストのおよその大きさを任意の単位で示す．
• collation 当該の葉または一度折られた折丁が，物理的にどのように構成されているか を示す．
• foliation 冊子における葉やページを数える付番システムを示す．
• condition 当該手書き資料の，物理的な状態を示す．

This example combines information which might alternatively be more precisely tagged using the more specific elements described in the following subsections.

TEI: Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations¶10.7.2 Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations

The second group of elements within a structured physical description concerns aspects of the writing, illumination, or other notation (notably, music) found in a manuscript, including additions made in later hands—the ‘text’, as it were, as opposed to the carrier.

• handDesc (description of hands) 手書き資料にある異なる書記全てについての解説を示す．
• handNote (note on hand) 手書き資料中にある特定のスタイルまたは筆致を示す．
• scriptDesc contains a description of the scripts used in a manuscript or other object.
• scriptNote describes a particular script distinguished within the description of a manuscript or similar resource.
• typeDesc contains a description of the typefaces or other aspects of the printing of an incunable or other printed source.
• typeNote describes a particular font or other significant typographic feature distinguished within the description of a printed resource.
• decoDesc (decoration description) 当該手書き資料の装飾を，一連の散文段落，または一連の要素 decoNoteで示す．
• decoNote (note on decoration) 当該手書き資料の装飾要素またはそのようなものを示す．
• musicNotation 記譜法の種類を示す．
• additions 当該手書き資料中にある，重要な付加物を示す．例えば，欄外の書き込みや 注釈など．

TEI: Bindings, Seals, and Additional Material¶10.7.3 Bindings, Seals, and Additional Material

The third major component of the physical description relates to supporting but distinct physical components, such as bindings, seals and accompanying material. These may be described using the following specialist elements:

• bindingDesc (binding description) 手書き資料の現行または以前の装訂に関する情報を示す．一連の段落または 一連の要素bindingで示される．各単位が当該手書き資料の各装訂 に対応する．
• binding 1つの装訂に関する情報を示す．例えば，手書き資料でいうカバーの種類， 表紙など．
• sealDesc (seal description) 手書き資料に付属するシールや他の付着物について，一連の段落や，一連の 要素sealにより，可能であれば要素decoNoteと共に示す．
• seal 手書き資料にあるシールや付着物を示す．
• accMat (添付資料) 当該手書き資料と関連する情 報の詳細を記述するための要素．例えば，当該手書き資料が書かれた時代と は異なる時期の文書や断片についてについての詳細を示す．例えば，当該手 書き資料が作成された以前に書かれた文書やその断片であったりするものに ついて．

TEI: Administrative Information¶10.9.1 Administrative Information

The adminInfo element is used to hold information relating to the curation and management of a manuscript. This may be supplied as a note using the global note element. Alternatively, different aspects of this information may be presented grouped within one of the following specialized elements:

• recordHist (recorded history) 元になった手書き資料の，元や改訂に関する情報を示す．
• availability テキストの利用可能性に関する情報を示す．例えば，その使用や頒布， 著作権に関する制限など．
• custodialHist (custodial history) 手書き資料の管理履歴を示す．散文形式または一連の日付つき履歴で示す．

TEI: Surrogates¶10.9.2 Surrogates

The surrogates element is used to provide information about representations such as photographs or other representations of the manuscript which may exist within the holding institution or elsewhere.

• surrogates 手書き資料が電子化されたものまたは写真の表現に関する情報を示す．

At a later revision, the content of the surrogates element is likely to be expanded to include elements more specifically intended to provide detailed information such as technical details of the process by which a digital or photographic image was made. For information about the inclusion of digital facsimile images within a TEI document, refer also to 11.1 Digital Facsimiles.