P5: TEI指引

TEI: Origination¶10.3.1 Origination

The following elements may be used to provide information about the origins of any aspect of a manuscript:

• origDate 包含任何格式的日期，用以確認手稿或手稿部分的來源日期。
• origPlace 包含任何格式的地名，用以確認手稿或手稿部分的來源地點。

The origDate and origPlace elements are specialized forms of the existing date and name elements respectively, used to indicate specifically the date and place of origin of a manuscript or manuscript part. Such information would normally be encoded within the history element, discussed in section 10.8 History. origDate and origPlace can also be used to identify the place or date of origin of any aspect of the manuscript, such as its decoration or binding, when these are not of the same date or from the same location as rest of the manuscript. Both these elements are members of the att.editLike class, from which they inherit many attributes.

The origDate element is a member of the att.datable class, and may thus also carry additional attributes giving normalized values for the associated dating.

TEI: Material and Object Type¶10.3.2 Material and Object Type

The material element can be used to tag any specific term used for the physical material of which a manuscript (or binding, seal, etc.) is composed. The objectType element may be used to tag any term specifying the type of object or manuscript upon with the text is written.

• material 用一個字詞描述手稿 (或手稿部分) 的組成材料。
• objectType contains a word or phrase describing the type of object being referred to.

TEI: Watermarks and Stamps¶10.3.3 Watermarks and Stamps

Two further elements are provided to mark up other decorative features characteristic of manuscript leaves and bindings:

• watermark 包含一個字詞，描述一個浮水印或是類似圖案。
• stamp 包含一個字詞，描述一個印記或是類似圖案。

If, as here, any text contained by a stamp is included in its description it should be clearly distinguished from that description. The element mentioned may be used for this purpose, as shown above.

TEI: Dimensions¶10.3.4 Dimensions

The dimensions element can be used to specify the size of some aspect of the manuscript, and thus may be thought of as a specialized form of the existing TEI measure element.

• dimensions 尺寸的詳細說明。

  type	指出物件被測量的部分。

The dimensions element will normally occur within the element describing the particular feature or aspect of a manuscript whose dimensions are being given; thus the size of the leaves would be specified within the support or extent element (part of the physDesc element discussed in 10.7.1 Object Description), while the dimensions of other specific parts of a manuscript, such as accompanying materials, binding, etc., would be given in other parts of the description, as appropriate.

The following elements are available within the dimensions element:

• height 沿著與書脊平行的軸線所量出的測量值。
• width 沿著與書脊垂直的軸線所量出的測量值
• depth 橫跨書脊的測量值。
• dim contains any single measurement forming part of a dimensional specification of some sort.

These elements, as well as dimensions itself, are all members of the att.dimensions class, which also inherits attributes from the att.ranging class. They all thus carry the following attributes:

• att.dimensions 提供符合某種度量值的屬性值。

  scope	測量多個物件時，標明此度量的可應用範圍。 實例值包含: 1] all; 2] most; 3] range
  extent	indicates the size of the object concerned using a project-specific vocabulary combining quantity and units in a single string of words.
  unit	度量單位的名稱。 被推薦的值包含: 1] cm (centimetres); 2] mm (millimetres); 3] in (inches); 4] line; 5] char (characters)
  quantity	specifies the length in the units specified

• att.ranging provides attributes for describing numerical ranges.

  atLeast	gives a minimum estimated value for the approximate measurement.
  atMost	gives a maximum estimated value for the approximate measurement.
  min	where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the minimum value observed.
  max	where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the maximum value observed.

Attributes scope, min, and max are used only when the measurement applies to several items, for example the size of all leaves in a manuscript; attributes atLeast and atMost are used when the measurement applies to a single item, for example the size of a specific codex, but has had to be estimated. Attribute quantity is used when the measurement can be given exactly, and applies to a single item; this is the usual situation. In this case, the units in which dimensions are measured may be specified using the unit attribute, the value of which will normally be taken from a closed set of values appropriate to the project, using standard units of measurement wherever possible, such as cm, mm, in, line, char. If however the only data available for the measurement uses some other unit, or it is preferred to normalize it in some other way, then it may be supplied as a string value by means of the extent attribute.

The order in which components of the dimensions element may be supplied is not constrained.

TEI: References to Locations within a Manuscript¶10.3.5 References to Locations within a Manuscript

The locus and its grouping element locusGrp element are specialized forms of the ref element, used to indicate a location, or sequence of locations, within a manuscript.

• locus 定義一個手稿或手稿部分裡的位置，通常是用一系列的 (可能不連續的) 頁面參照。

  from	用正規格式指明該位置的起始點。
  to	用正規格式指明該位置的結束點。
  scheme	說明所指出位置的編頁架構。

• locusGrp groups a number of locations which together form a distinct but discontinuous item within a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object.

  scheme

  identifies the foliation scheme in terms of which all the locations contained by the group are specified by pointing to some foliation element defining it, or to some other equivalent resource.

The locus element is used to reference a single location within a manuscript, typically to specify the location occupied by the element within which it appears. If, for example, it is used as the first component of an msItem or msItemStruct element, or of any of the more specific elements appearing within one (see further section 10.6 Intellectual Content below) then it is understood to specify the location (or locations) of that item within the manuscript being described.

TEI: Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations¶10.3.6 Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations

The standard TEI element name may be used to identify names of any kind occurring within a description:

• name (名稱，特定名稱) 包含一個特定名稱 或名詞詞組。

As further discussed in 3.5.1 Referring Strings, this element is a member of the class att.canonical, from which it inherits the following attributes:

• att.canonical provides attributes which can be used to associate a representation such as a name or title with canonical information about the object being named or referenced.

  key	provides an externally-defined means of identifying the entity (or entities) being named, using a coded value of some kind.
  ref	(reference) provides an explicit means of locating a full definition or identity for the entity being named by means of one or more URIs.

Alternatively, the key attribute may be used to supply a unique identifying code for the person referenced by the name independently of both the existence of a person element and the use of the standard URI reference mechanism. If, for example, a project maintains as its authority file some non-digital resource, or uses a database which cannot readily be integrated with other digital resources for this purpose, the unique codes used by such ‘offline’ resources may be used as values for the key attribute. Although such practices clearly reduce the interchangeability of the resulting encoded texts, they may be judged more convenient or practical in certain situations. As explained in 3.5.1 Referring Strings, interchange is improved by use of tag URIs in ref instead of key.

All the person elements referenced by a particular document set should be collected together within a listPerson element, located in a standOff element. This functions as a kind of prosopography for all the people referenced by the set of manuscripts being described, in much the same way as a listBibl element may be used to hold bibliographic information for all the works referenced.

When the namesdates module described in chapter 13 Names, Dates, People, and Places is included in a schema, similar mechanisms are used to maintain and reference canonical lists of places or organizations, as further discussed in sections 13.2.3 Place Names and 13.2.2 Organizational Names respectively.

TEI: Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio¶10.3.7 Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio

TEI: Heraldry¶10.3.8 Heraldry

TEI: The msItem and msItemStruct Elements¶10.6.1 The <msItem> and <msItemStruct> Elements

Each discrete item in a manuscript or manuscript part can be described within a distinct msItem or msItemStruct element, and may be classified using the class attribute.

These are the possible component elements of msItem and msItemStruct.

• author 在書目參照中，包含一件作品的作者 (群) 姓名，無論是個人或是團體性質；這也是書目項目責任歸屬的主要陳述。
• respStmt (責任陳述) 當未使用作者、編輯者等特定元素，或元素內容不足時，在此補充說明文件、版本、記錄、或是叢書的智慧內容所屬負責人的責任陳述。
• title 包含任何種類作品的完整題名 。

  type	用合適的分類方法將題名分類。 實例值包含: 1] main; 2] sub (subordinate); 3] alt (alternate); 4] short; 5] desc (descriptive)

• rubric 包含任何按語的文字或是附在特殊手稿項目的標題，即手稿用來指示文字區段開始的字串，常有作者及標題的聲明，通常使用紅墨水、不同的字型與大小、或用其他不同視覺效果的圖案，來跟文件本身作區別。
• incipit 包含手稿項目中的起始語，即文本開端的起始語，不包括可能出現在之前的按語，並以充分的文字來獨家識別該作品；早期，這種起始語常用為作品的參照工具，出現在標題部份。
• quote (引文) 包含敘述者或作者引用自文本以外來源的字 (句) 詞或段落。
• explicit 包含手稿項目中的 結尾語，即文本完成時的結尾語，不包含可能出現在其後的按語或版權頁標記。
• finalRubric 包含表示該文字區段結尾的字串，常有作者及標題的聲明，通常使用紅墨水、不同的字型與大小、或用其他不同視覺效果的圖案，來與文件本身作區別。
• colophon 包含一個手稿項目的 版權頁標記：即提供日期、地點、代理機構、或手稿產生原因等資訊的聲明。
• decoNote 包含一個附註，描述手稿的裝飾性要素、或是該類要素的同等分類。
• listBibl (書目列表) 包含任何種類的書目資料列表。
• bibl (書目資料) 包含結構零散的書目資料，其中次要元件不一定會明確標記。
• filiation 包含手稿的來歷相關資訊，例如該手稿和其他相同文字內容的現存手稿之間的關係、以及該手稿的原稿、 抄本、以及謄本。
• note 包含附註或註釋。
• textLang 描述手稿中所使用的語言和書寫系統 (相對於其描述時使用的<語言使用>元素) 。

In addition, an msItemStruct may contain nested msItemStruct elements, just as an msItem may contain nested msItem elements.

The main difference between msItem and msItemStruct is that in the former, the order and number of child elements is not constrained; any element, in other words, may be given in any order, and repeated as often as is judged necessary. In the latter, however, the sub-elements, if used, must be given in the order specified above and only some of them may be repeated; specifically, rubric, finalRubric. incipit, textLang and explicit can appear only once.

While neither msItem nor msItemStruct may contain untagged running text, both permit an unstructured description to be provided in the form of one or more paragraphs of text. They differ in this respect also: if paragraphs are supplied as the content of an msItem, then none of the other component elements listed above is permitted; in the msItemStruct case, however, paragraphs may appear anywhere as an alternative to any of the component elements listed above.

As noted above, both msItem and msItemStruct elements may also nest, where a number of separate items in a manuscript are grouped under a single title or rubric, as is the case, for example, with a work like The Canterbury Tales.

The elements ex, am, and expan used in the above example are further discussed in section 11.3.1.2 Abbreviation and Expansion; they are available only when the transcr module defined by that chapter is selected. Similarly, the g element used in this example to represent the abbreviation mark is defined by the gaiji module documented in chapter 5 Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes.

TEI: Authors and Titles¶10.6.2 Authors and Titles

When used within a manuscript description, the title element should be used to supply a regularized form of the item's title, as distinct from any rubric quoted from the manuscript. If the item concerned has a standardized distinctive title, e.g. Roman de la Rose, then this should be the form given as content of the title element, with the value of the type attribute given as uniform. If no uniform title exists for an item, or none has been yet identified, or if one wishes to provide a general designation of the contents, then a ‘supplied’ title can be given, e.g. missal, in which case the type attribute on the title should be given the value supplied.

Similarly, if used within a manuscript description, the author element should always contain the normalized form of an author's name, irrespective of how (or whether) this form of the name is cited in the manuscript. If it is desired to retain the form of the author's name as given in the manuscript, this may be tagged as a distinct name element, within the text at the point where it occurs.

Note that the key attribute can also be used, as on names in general, to specify the identifier of a person element carrying full details of the person concerned (see further 10.3.6 Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations).

TEI: Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text¶10.6.3 Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

The xml:lang attribute for colophon, explicit, incipit, quote, and rubric may always be used to identify the language of the text quoted, if this is different from the default language specified by the mainLang attribute on textLang.

TEI: Filiation¶10.6.4 Filiation

TEI: Text Classification¶10.6.5 Text Classification

TEI: Languages and Writing Systems¶10.6.6 Languages and Writing Systems

The form and scope of language identifiers recommended by these Guidelines is based on the IANA standard described at vi.1. Language Identification and should be followed throughout. Where additional detail is needed correctly to describe a language, or to discuss its deployment in a given text, this should be done using the langUsage element in the TEI header, within which individual language elements document the languages used: see 2.4.2 Language Usage.

TEI: Object Description¶10.7.1 Object Description

The objectDesc element is used to group together those parts of the physical description which relate specifically to the text-bearing object, its format, constitution, layout, etc. The objectDesc element is used for grouping elements relating to the physicality of a text-bearing object as part of a manuscript description. If a full description of an object (text-bearing or not) is desired, the more general object element may be preferred.

The form attribute is used to indicate the specific type of writing vehicle being described, for example, as a codex, roll, tablet, etc. If used it must appear first in the sequence of specialized elements. The objectDesc element has two parts: a description of the support, i.e. the physical carrier on which the text is inscribed; and a description of the layout, i.e. the way text is organized on the carrier.

Taking these in turn, the description of the support is tagged using the following elements, each of which is discussed in more detail below:

• supportDesc 匯集描述手稿書寫部分的物質載體元素。
• support 描述對於手稿書寫部分的物質載體所使用的材料等。
• extent 描述電子文件儲存在某一承載媒介時的約略大小，標以任何適用的單位。
• collation 描述頁面紙張的排列組成。
• foliation 描述計算手抄本紙張頁數的一種或多種編號系統。
• condition 包含手稿材質狀況的描述。

This example combines information which might alternatively be more precisely tagged using the more specific elements described in the following subsections.

TEI: Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations¶10.7.2 Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations

The second group of elements within a structured physical description concerns aspects of the writing, illumination, or other notation (notably, music) found in a manuscript, including additions made in later hands—the ‘text’, as it were, as opposed to the carrier.

• handDesc 手稿中使用的所有不同書寫種類的描述。
• handNote (書寫特徵) 描述在手稿中可明顯辨識出的特殊風格或書寫手法。
• scriptDesc contains a description of the scripts used in a manuscript or other object.
• scriptNote describes a particular script distinguished within the description of a manuscript or similar resource.
• typeDesc contains a description of the typefaces or other aspects of the printing of an incunable or other printed source.
• typeNote describes a particular font or other significant typographic feature distinguished within the description of a printed resource.
• decoDesc 包含手稿的裝飾描述，可以是連續性的文字段落、或是一連串依主題排列的<裝飾附註>元素。
• decoNote 包含一個附註，描述手稿的裝飾性要素、或是該類要素的同等分類。
• musicNotation 包含樂譜種類的描述。
• additions 包含手稿中任何重要增添文字的描述，例如旁註或其他註釋。

TEI: Bindings, Seals, and Additional Material¶10.7.3 Bindings, Seals, and Additional Material

The third major component of the physical description relates to supporting but distinct physical components, such as bindings, seals and accompanying material. These may be described using the following specialist elements:

• bindingDesc 描述手稿現在與之前的裝訂，可以是連續性的文字段落、或是一連串專用的binding元素，每個手稿裝訂使用一個元素。
• binding 一個裝訂的描述，例如使用於該手稿的封面類型、封面等。
• sealDesc 描述章印或其他附於手稿的外部項目，可以是連續性的文字段落、或是一連串專用的<印章>元素，也許附上一些<裝飾附註>元素。
• seal 描述一個章印或其他附於手稿的類似項目
• accMat (伴隨資料) 包含可能與該手稿關係密切的重要附加資料之細節，例如非同時期的文件或是在早期與手稿裝訂一起的片段。

TEI: Administrative Information¶10.9.1 Administrative Information

The adminInfo element is used to hold information relating to the curation and management of a manuscript. This may be supplied as a note using the global note element. Alternatively, different aspects of this information may be presented grouped within one of the following specialized elements:

• recordHist 提供父手稿本身說明的出處與修訂狀態相關資訊。
• availability 提供關於文件可利用性的資訊，例如使用或發行上的任何限制、版權狀態等。
• custodialHist 包含手稿保管歷史的描述，可以是篇章、或是一連串註明日期的保管事件。

TEI: Surrogates¶10.9.2 Surrogates

The surrogates element is used to provide information about representations such as photographs or other representations of the manuscript which may exist within the holding institution or elsewhere.

• surrogates 包含關於任何手稿的數位化或攝影呈現的資訊，可能存在於保管機構或是其他地方。

At a later revision, the content of the surrogates element is likely to be expanded to include elements more specifically intended to provide detailed information such as technical details of the process by which a digital or photographic image was made. For information about the inclusion of digital facsimile images within a TEI document, refer also to 11.1 Digital Facsimiles.