att.datcat

att.datcat datacat属性とValueDatacat属性を提供する.これらがXML要素や属性を連携させる日付分類は、国際標準ISO 12620:2009で定義されるものであり,http://www.isocat.org/にあるISOCatと呼ばれるWebリポジトリに格納されている. [9.5.2 Lexical View 18.3 Other Atomic Feature Values]
モジュール tei — The TEI Infrastructure
構成 att.lexicographic [case colloc def entryFree etym form gen gram gramGrp hom hyph iType lang lbl mood number oRef orth pRef per pos pron re sense subc syll tns usg xr] att.segLike [c cl m pc phr s seg w] binary f fDecl fs fsDecl numeric string symbol tagUsage
属性
datcat⚓︎ 指定された要素をISOcatの適切なデータカテゴリ(または複数のデータカテゴリ)と対応付けるPID(永続的識別子)を含む.
状態 任意
データ型 1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer 空白文字で区切られる
valueDatcat⚓︎ 指定された要素の内容または指定された属性の値を,ISOcatの適切かつ単純なデータカテゴリ(または複数のデータカテゴリ)と対応付けるPID(永続的識別子)を含む.
状態 任意
データ型 1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer 空白文字で区切られる
targetDatcat⚓︎ provides a definition of, and/or general information about, information structure of an object referenced or modeled by the containing element, by reference to an external taxonomy or ontology. This attribute has the characteristics of the datcat attribute, except that it addresses not its containing element, but an object that is being referenced or modeled by its containing element.
状態 任意
データ型 1–∞ occurrences of teidata.pointer 空白文字で区切られる

The example below presents the TEI encoding of the name-value pair <part of speech, common noun>, where the name (key) ‘part of speech’ is abbreviated as ‘POS’, and the value, ‘common noun’ is symbolized by ‘NN’. The entire name-value pair is encoded by means of the element f. In TEI XML, that element acts as the container, labeled with the name attribute. Its contents may be complex or simple. In the case at hand, the content is the symbol ‘NN’.

The datcat attribute relates the feature name (i.e., the key) to the data category ‘part of speech’, while the attribute valueDatcat relates the feature value to the data category common noun. Both these data categories should be defined in an external and preferably open reference taxonomy or ontology.

<fs>
 <f name="POS"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">

  <symbol valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"
   value="NN"/>

 </f>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

‘NN’ is the symbol for common noun used e.g. in the CLAWS-7 tagset defined by the University Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language at the University of Lancaster. The very same data category used for tagging an early version of the British National Corpus, and coming from the BNC Basic (C5) tagset, uses the symbol ‘NN0’ (rather than ‘NN’). Making these values semantically interoperable would be extremely difficult without a human expert if they were not anchored in a single point of an established reference taxonomy of morphosyntactic data categories. In the case at hand, the string http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545 is both a persistent identifier of the data category in question, as well as a pointer to a shared definition of common noun.

While the symbols ‘NN’, ‘NN0’, and many others (often coming from languages other than English) are implicitly members of the container category ‘part of speech’, it is sometimes useful not to rely on such an implicit relationship but rather use an explicit identifier for that data category, to distinguish it from other morphosyntactic data categories, such as gender, tense, etc. For that purpose, the above example uses the datcat attribute to reference a definition of part of speech. The reference taxonomy in this example is the CLARIN Concept Registry.

If the feature structure markup exemplified above is to be repeated many times in a single document, it is much more efficient to gather the persistent identifiers in a single place and to only reference them, implicitly or directly, from feature structure markup. The following example is much more concise than the one above and relies on the concepts of feature structure declaration and feature value library, discussed in chapter 18 Feature Structures.
<fs>
 <f name="POSfVal="#commonNoun"/>
<!-- ... -->
</fs>

The assumption here is that the relevant feature values are collected in a place that the annotation document in question has access to — preferably, a single document per linguistic resource, for example an fsdDecl that is XIncluded as a sibling of text or a child of encodingDesc; a taxonomy available resource-wide (e.g., in a shared header) is also an option.

The example below presents an fvLib element that collects the relevant feature values (most of them omitted). At the same time, this example shows one way of encoding a tagset, i.e., an established inventory of values of (in the case at hand) morphosyntactic categories.
<fvLib n="POS values">
 <symbol xml:id="commonNounvalue="NN"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>

 <symbol xml:id="properNounvalue="NP"
  datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>

<!-- ... -->
</fvLib>

Note that these Guidelines do not prescribe a specific choice between datcat and valueDatcat in such cases. The former is the generic way of referencing a data category, whereas the latter is more specific, in that it references a data category that represents a value. The choice between them comes into play where a single element — or a tight element complex, such as the f/symbol complex illustrated above — make it necessary or useful to distinguish between the container data category and its value.

In the context of dictionaries designed with semantic interoperability in mind, the following example ensures that the pos element is interpreted as the same information container as in the case of the example of <f name="POS"> above.

<gramGrp>
 <pos datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"
  valueDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545">
NN</pos>
</gramGrp>
Efficiency of this type of interoperable markup demands that the references to the particular data categories should best be provided in a single place within the dictionary (or a single place within the project), rather than being repeated inside every entry. For the container elements, this can be achieved at the level of tagUsage, although here, the valueDatcat attribute should be used, because it is not the tagUsage element that is associated with the relevant data category, but rather the element pos (or case, etc.) that is described by tagUsage:
<tagsDecl partial="true">
<!-- ... -->
 <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <tagUsage gi="pos"
   targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">
Contains the part of speech.</tagUsage>
  <tagUsage gi="case"
   targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1840_9f4e319c-f233-6c90-9117-7270e215f039">
Contains information about the grammatical case that the described form is inflected for.</tagUsage>
<!-- ... -->
 </namespace>
</tagsDecl>
Another possibility is to shorten the URIs by means of the prefixDef mechanism, as illustrated below:
<listPrefixDef>
 <prefixDef ident="ccrmatchPattern="pos"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3"/>

 <prefixDef ident="ccrmatchPattern="adj"
  replacementPattern="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1230_23653c21-fca1-edf8-fd7c-3df2d6499157"/>

</listPrefixDef>
<!-- ... -->
<entry>
<!--...-->
 <form>
  <orth>isotope</orth>
 </form>
 <gramGrp>
  <pos datcat="ccr:pos"
   valueDatcat="ccr:adj">
adj</pos>
 </gramGrp>
<!--...-->
</entry>

This mechanism creates implications that are not always wanted, among others, in the case at hand, suggesting that the identifiers ‘pos’ and ‘adj’ belong to a namespace associated with the CLARIN Concept Repository (CCR), whereas that is solely a shorthand mechanism whose scope is the current resource. Documenting this clearly in the header of the dictionary is therefore advised.

Yet another possibility is to associate the information about the relationship between a TEI markup element and the data category that it is intended to model already at the level of modeling the dictionary resource, that is, at the level of the ODD, in equiv element that is a child of elementSpec or attDef.

The targetDatcat attribute is designed to be used in, e.g., feature structure declarations, and is analogous to the targetLang attribute of the att.pointing class, in that it describes the object that is being referenced, rather than the referencing object.

<fDecl name="POS"
 targetDatcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-396_5a972b93-2294-ab5c-a541-7c344c5f26c3">

 <fDescr>part of speech (morphosyntactic category)</fDescr>
 <vRange>
  <vAlt>
   <symbol value="NN"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1256_7ec6083c-23d4-224d-6f94-eecbe6861545"/>

   <symbol value="NP"
    datcat="http://hdl.handle.net/11459/CCR_C-1371_fbebd9ec-a7f4-9a36-d6e9-88ee16b944ae"/>

<!-- ... -->
  </vAlt>
 </vRange>
</fDecl>

Above, the fDecl uses targetDatcat, because if it were to use datcat, it would be asserting that it is an instance of the container data category part of speech, whereas it is not — it models a container (f) that encodes a part of speech. Note also that it is the f that is modeled above, not its values, which are used as direct references to data categories; hence the use of datcat in the symbol element.

解説

ISO 12620:2009は、データ分類のレジストリ(DCR)に関するデータモデルと手続きについての国際標準である.データ分類は,一つの言語の構造における基本的な記述子として定義される。DCRのデータモデルでは、個々のデータ分類には、ユニークな永続的識別子(PID)、つまり、URIが割り当てられる.DCRからデータ分類を利用する言語資源,あるいは、できることならそのスキーマは、このPIDを用いて参照すべきである。TEI文書のようなXMLベースの資源(https://www.iso.org/standard/37243.htmlにて参照可能)に関しては、ISO 12620:2009 付録 Aに、datcat属性とvalueDatcat属性を提供する小さなデータ分類参照のXML語彙がある。