P5: Linee guida per la codifica e l'interscambio del testo elettronico

TEI: Origination¶10.3.1 Origination

The following elements may be used to provide information about the origins of any aspect of a manuscript:

• origDate (data di origine) contiene una data espressa in una forma qualsiasi utilizzata per indicare la data di origine di un manoscritto o di una sua parte
• origPlace (luogo di origine) contiene un qualsiasi nome di luogo utilizzato per indicare il luogo di origine di un manoscritto o di una sua parte

The origDate and origPlace elements are specialized forms of the existing date and name elements respectively, used to indicate specifically the date and place of origin of a manuscript or manuscript part. Such information would normally be encoded within the history element, discussed in section 10.8 History. origDate and origPlace can also be used to identify the place or date of origin of any aspect of the manuscript, such as its decoration or binding, when these are not of the same date or from the same location as rest of the manuscript. Both these elements are members of the att.editLike class, from which they inherit many attributes.

The origDate element is a member of the att.datable class, and may thus also carry additional attributes giving normalized values for the associated dating.

TEI: Material and Object Type¶10.3.2 Material and Object Type

The material element can be used to tag any specific term used for the physical material of which a manuscript (or binding, seal, etc.) is composed. The objectType element may be used to tag any term specifying the type of object or manuscript upon with the text is written.

• material (material) contiene una parola o un'espressione che descrive il materiale di cui è composto un manoscritto (o una sua parte)

  function

  describes the function or use of the material in relation to the object as a whole. I valori esemplificativi includono: 1] binding; 2] endband; 3] slipcase; 4] support; 5] tie

• objectType (object type) contains a word or phrase describing the type of object being referred to.

TEI: Watermarks and Stamps¶10.3.3 Watermarks and Stamps

Two further elements are provided to mark up other decorative features characteristic of manuscript leaves and bindings:

• watermark (watermark) contiene una parola o espressione che descrive la filigrana o una tecnica simile
• stamp (stamp) contiene una parola o un sintagma che descrive un timbro o simile

If, as here, any text contained by a stamp is included in its description it should be clearly distinguished from that description. The element mentioned may be used for this purpose, as shown above.

TEI: Dimensions¶10.3.4 Dimensions

The dimensions element can be used to specify the size of some aspect of the manuscript, and thus may be thought of as a specialized form of the existing TEI measure element.

• dimensions (dimensions) contiene una qualsiasi indicazione relativa alle dimensioni

  type	indica quale aspetto dell'oggetto viene misurato

The dimensions element will normally occur within the element describing the particular feature or aspect of a manuscript whose dimensions are being given; thus the size of the leaves would be specified within the support or extent element (part of the physDesc element discussed in 10.7.1 Object Description), while the dimensions of other specific parts of a manuscript, such as accompanying materials, binding, etc., would be given in other parts of the description, as appropriate.

The following elements are available within the dimensions element:

• height (height) si riferisce a una misurazione presa lungo l'asse parallelo al dorso
• width (width) si riferisce a una misurazione presa lungo l'asse perpendicolare al dorso
• depth (depth) si riferisce a una misurazione presa lungo la larghezza del dorso
• dim contains any single measurement forming part of a dimensional specification of some sort.

These elements, as well as dimensions itself, are all members of the att.dimensions class, which also inherits attributes from the att.ranging class. They all thus carry the following attributes:

• att.dimensions assegna degli attributi che descrivono la grandezza di oggetti fisici

  scope	indica l'applicabilità della misurazione, laddove venga misurato più di un oggetto I valori esemplificativi includono: 1] all; 2] most; 3] range
  extent	indicates the size of the object concerned using a project-specific vocabulary combining quantity and units in a single string of words.
  unit	specifica le unità usate per la misurazione I valori suggeriti includono: 1] cm (centimetres); 2] mm (millimetres); 3] in (inches); 4] line; 5] char (characters)
  quantity	specifica la lunghezza nelle unità indicate

• att.ranging provides attributes for describing numerical ranges.

  atLeast	gives a minimum estimated value for the approximate measurement.
  atMost	gives a maximum estimated value for the approximate measurement.
  min	where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the minimum value observed.
  max	where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the maximum value observed.

Attributes scope, min, and max are used only when the measurement applies to several items, for example the size of all leaves in a manuscript; attributes atLeast and atMost are used when the measurement applies to a single item, for example the size of a specific codex, but has had to be estimated. Attribute quantity is used when the measurement can be given exactly, and applies to a single item; this is the usual situation. In this case, the units in which dimensions are measured may be specified using the unit attribute, the value of which will normally be taken from a closed set of values appropriate to the project, using standard units of measurement wherever possible, such as cm, mm, in, line, char. If however the only data available for the measurement uses some other unit, or it is preferred to normalize it in some other way, then it may be supplied as a string value by means of the extent attribute.

The order in which components of the dimensions element may be supplied is not constrained.

TEI: References to Locations within a Manuscript¶10.3.5 References to Locations within a Manuscript

The locus and its grouping element locusGrp element are specialized forms of the ref element, used to indicate a location, or sequence of locations, within a manuscript.

• locus (locus) definisce una posizione all'interno di un manoscritto o di una sua parte, generalmente come sequenza (non necessariamete continua) di riferimenti di fogli

  from	(from) specifica l'inizio della posizione in forma normalizzata
  to	(to) specifica il termine della posizione in forma normalizzata
  scheme	(scheme) identifica la foliazione in base alla posizione specificata

• locusGrp (locus group) groups a number of locations which together form a distinct but discontinuous item within a manuscript, manuscript part, or other object.

  scheme

  (scheme) identifies the foliation scheme in terms of which all the locations contained by the group are specified by pointing to some foliation element defining it, or to some other equivalent resource.

The locus element is used to reference a single location within a manuscript, typically to specify the location occupied by the element within which it appears. If, for example, it is used as the first component of an msItem or msItemStruct element, or of any of the more specific elements appearing within one (see further section 10.6 Intellectual Content below) then it is understood to specify the location (or locations) of that item within the manuscript being described.

TEI: Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations¶10.3.6 Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations

The standard TEI element name may be used to identify names of any kind occurring within a description:

• name (nome, nome proprio) contiene un nome proprio o un sintagma nominale.

As further discussed in 3.6.1 Referring Strings, this element is a member of the class att.canonical, from which it inherits the following attributes:

• att.canonical provides attributes which can be used to associate a representation such as a name or title with canonical information about the object being named or referenced.

  key	provides an externally-defined means of identifying the entity (or entities) being named, using a coded value of some kind.
  ref	(reference) provides an explicit means of locating a full definition or identity for the entity being named by means of one or more URIs.

Alternatively, the key attribute may be used to supply a unique identifying code for the person referenced by the name independently of both the existence of a person element and the use of the standard URI reference mechanism. If, for example, a project maintains as its authority file some non-digital resource, or uses a database which cannot readily be integrated with other digital resources for this purpose, the unique codes used by such ‘offline’ resources may be used as values for the key attribute. Although such practices clearly reduce the interchangeability of the resulting encoded texts, they may be judged more convenient or practical in certain situations. As explained in 3.6.1 Referring Strings, interchange is improved by use of tag URIs in ref instead of key.

All the person elements referenced by a particular document set should be collected together within a listPerson element, located in a standOff element. This functions as a kind of prosopography for all the people referenced by the set of manuscripts being described, in much the same way as a listBibl element may be used to hold bibliographic information for all the works referenced.

When the namesdates module described in chapter 13 Names, Dates, People, and Places is included in a schema, similar mechanisms are used to maintain and reference canonical lists of places or organizations, as further discussed in sections 13.2.3 Place Names and 13.2.2 Organizational Names respectively.

TEI: Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio¶10.3.7 Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio

TEI: Heraldry¶10.3.8 Heraldry

TEI: The msItem and msItemStruct Elements¶10.6.1 The <msItem> and <msItemStruct> Elements

Each discrete item in a manuscript or manuscript part can be described within a distinct msItem or msItemStruct element, and may be classified using the class attribute.

These are the possible component elements of msItem and msItemStruct.

• author (author) in un riferimento bibliografico contiene il nome dell'autore (o degli autori), personale o collettivo, di un'opera; è la dichiarazione di responsabilità primaria di ciascuna unità bibliografica.
• respStmt (dichiarazione di responsabilità) fornisce una dichiarazione di responsabilità per qualcuno responsabile del contenuto intelletuale di un testo, curatela, registrazione o collana, nel caso in cui gli elementi specifici per autore, curatore ecc. non sono sufficienti o non applicabili.
• title (title) contiene il titolo completo di una qualsiaisi opera.

  type	classifica il titolo seguendo una tipologia conveniente. I valori esemplificativi includono: 1] main; 2] sub (subordinate); 3] alt (alternate); 4] short; 5] desc (descriptive)

• rubric (rubric) contiene il testo di eventuali titoli in rosso o titoli assegnati a una determinata porzione di manoscritto; si tratta di stringhe di parole che segnalano l'inizio di una partizione testuale; tali stringhe sono solitamente evidenziate rispetto al resto tramite inchiostro rosso, diverso stile o diversa dimensione del carattere, o altro espediente grafico
• incipit contiene l' incipit di un manoscritto, cioè le prime parole del testo propriamente detto, a eccezione di eventuali titoli in rosso che lo precedono; gli incipit hanno una lunghezza sufficiente a deteminare di quale opera si tratti e, anticamente, erano spesso utilizzati per riferirsi alle opere stesse al posto di eventuali titoli
• quote (citazione) contiene una frase o un brano attribuito dall'autore o dal narratore a soggetti esterni al testo
• explicit (explicit) contiene l' explicit di un manoscritto, ovvero le parole di chiusura del testo vero e proprio, a esclusione di eventuali titoli in rosso o colophon successivi
• finalRubric (final rubric) contiene una stringa di parole che segnala la fine di una partizione testuale e spesso ne dichiara autore e titolo; tale stringa è solitamente evidenziata rispetto al resto tramite inchiostro rosso, diverso stile o diversa dimensione del carattere, o altro espediente grafico
• colophon (colophon) contiene il colophon di un manoscritto, ovvero una dichiarazione contenente informazioni relative a data, luogo, committente, o motivo della produzione del manoscritto
• decoNote (nota sulla decorazione) contiene una nota che descrive una componente decorativa di un manoscritto o una classe ragionevolmente omogenea di tali componenti
• listBibl (lista di citazioni) contiene una lista di citazioni bibliografiche di qualsiasi natura.
• bibl (citazione bibliografica) contiene una citazione bibliografica strutturata liberamente i cui componeneti potrebbero o meno essere codificati esplicitamente.
• filiation (filiation) contiene informazioni relative alla filiazione del manoscritto, cioè la sua relazione con altri manoscritti sopravvissuti per lo stesso testo, cioè i suoi protografi, antigrafi e apografi
• note (note) contiene una nota o un'annotazione
• textLang (lingua del testo) descrive le lingue e i sistemi di scrittura usati da un manoscritto (da non confondere con la descrizione contenuta nell'elemento langUsage

In addition, an msItemStruct may contain nested msItemStruct elements, just as an msItem may contain nested msItem elements.

The main difference between msItem and msItemStruct is that in the former, the order and number of child elements is not constrained; any element, in other words, may be given in any order, and repeated as often as is judged necessary. In the latter, however, the sub-elements, if used, must be given in the order specified above and only some of them may be repeated; specifically, rubric, finalRubric. incipit, textLang and explicit can appear only once.

While neither msItem nor msItemStruct may contain untagged running text, both permit an unstructured description to be provided in the form of one or more paragraphs of text. They differ in this respect also: if paragraphs are supplied as the content of an msItem, then none of the other component elements listed above is permitted; in the msItemStruct case, however, paragraphs may appear anywhere as an alternative to any of the component elements listed above.

As noted above, both msItem and msItemStruct elements may also nest, where a number of separate items in a manuscript are grouped under a single title or rubric, as is the case, for example, with a work like The Canterbury Tales.

The elements ex, am, and expan used in the above example are further discussed in section 11.3.1.2 Abbreviation and Expansion; they are available only when the transcr module defined by that chapter is selected. Similarly, the g element used in this example to represent the abbreviation mark is defined by the gaiji module documented in chapter 5 Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes.

TEI: Authors and Titles¶10.6.2 Authors and Titles

When used within a manuscript description, the title element should be used to supply a regularized form of the item's title, as distinct from any rubric quoted from the manuscript. If the item concerned has a standardized distinctive title, e.g. Roman de la Rose, then this should be the form given as content of the title element, with the value of the type attribute given as uniform. If no uniform title exists for an item, or none has been yet identified, or if one wishes to provide a general designation of the contents, then a ‘supplied’ title can be given, e.g. missal, in which case the type attribute on the title should be given the value supplied.

Similarly, if used within a manuscript description, the author element should always contain the normalized form of an author's name, irrespective of how (or whether) this form of the name is cited in the manuscript. If it is desired to retain the form of the author's name as given in the manuscript, this may be tagged as a distinct name element, within the text at the point where it occurs.

Note that the key attribute can also be used, as on names in general, to specify the identifier of a person element carrying full details of the person concerned (see further 10.3.6 Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations).

TEI: Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text¶10.6.3 Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text

The xml:lang attribute for colophon, explicit, incipit, quote, and rubric may always be used to identify the language of the text quoted, if this is different from the default language specified by the mainLang attribute on textLang.

TEI: Filiation¶10.6.4 Filiation

TEI: Text Classification¶10.6.5 Text Classification

TEI: Languages and Writing Systems¶10.6.6 Languages and Writing Systems

The form and scope of language identifiers recommended by these Guidelines is based on the IANA standard described at vi.1. Language Identification and should be followed throughout. Where additional detail is needed correctly to describe a language, or to discuss its deployment in a given text, this should be done using the langUsage element in the TEI header, within which individual language elements document the languages used: see 2.4.2 Language Usage.

TEI: Object Description¶10.7.1 Object Description

The objectDesc element is used to group together those parts of the physical description which relate specifically to the text-bearing object, its format, constitution, layout, etc. The objectDesc element is used for grouping elements relating to the physicality of a text-bearing object as part of a manuscript description. If a full description of an object (text-bearing or not) is desired, the more general object element may be preferred.

The form attribute is used to indicate the specific type of writing vehicle being described, for example, as a codex, roll, tablet, etc. If used it must appear first in the sequence of specialized elements. The objectDesc element has two parts: a description of the support, i.e. the physical carrier on which the text is inscribed; and a description of the layout, i.e. the way text is organized on the carrier.

Taking these in turn, the description of the support is tagged using the following elements, each of which is discussed in more detail below:

• supportDesc (descrizione del supporto) raggruppa gli elementi che descrivono il supporto fisico della parte scritta di un manoscritto
• support (support) contiene una descrizione dei materiali, ecc. che costituiscono il supporto fisico della parte scritta di un manoscritto
• extent (extent) descrive la grandezza approssimativa di un documento elettronico così come immagazzinata su supporto, secondo una qualsiasi unità funzionale.
• collation (collation) contiene una descrizione di come i fogli o bifolia siano fisicamente disposti
• foliation (foliation) descrive il sistema o i sistemi di numerazione usati per contare i fogli o le pagine di un codice
• condition (condition) contiene una descrizione della condizione fisica del manoscritto

This example combines information which might alternatively be more precisely tagged using the more specific elements described in the following subsections.

TEI: Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations¶10.7.2 Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations

The second group of elements within a structured physical description concerns aspects of the writing, illumination, or other notation (notably, music) found in a manuscript, including additions made in later hands—the ‘text’, as it were, as opposed to the carrier.

• handDesc (descrizione delle mani) contiene una descrizione dei diversi tipi di scrittura usati in un manoscritto
• handNote (nota sulla mano) descrive un determinato stile o una determinata mano all'interno di un manoscritto
• scriptDesc contains a description of the scripts used in a manuscript or other object.
• scriptNote describes a particular script distinguished within the description of a manuscript or similar resource.
• typeDesc (typeface description) contains a description of the typefaces or other aspects of the printing of an incunable or other printed source.
• typeNote (typographic note) describes a particular font or other significant typographic feature distinguished within the description of a printed resource.
• decoDesc (descrizione della decorazione) contiene una descrizione della decorazione di un manoscritto in forma di sequenza di paragrafi oppure di sequenza di elementi decoNote organizzati per argomento
• decoNote (nota sulla decorazione) contiene una nota che descrive una componente decorativa di un manoscritto o una classe ragionevolmente omogenea di tali componenti
• musicNotation (music notation) contiene una descrizione del tipo di annotazione musicale
• additions (additions) contiene un descrizione di qualsiasi aggiunta significativa trovata all'interno di un manoscritto come note a margine o altre annotazioni

TEI: Bindings, Seals, and Additional Material¶10.7.3 Bindings, Seals, and Additional Material

The third major component of the physical description relates to supporting but distinct physical components, such as bindings, seals and accompanying material. These may be described using the following specialist elements:

• bindingDesc (descrizione della rilegatura) descrive la legatura attuale e precedente di un manoscritto sotto forma di una serie di paragrafi o di una serie di diversi elementi binding, uno per ogni legatura del manoscritto
• binding (binding) contiene la descrizione di una legatura, cioè del tipo di copertine, tavole, ecc. utilizzate per il manoscritto
• sealDesc (descrizione dei sigilli) descrive i sigilli o altri oggetti esterni applicati a un manoscritto sotto forma di una sequenza di paragrafi o una serie di diversi elementi seal, eventualmente con ulteriori elementi decoNote
• seal (seal) contiene la descrizione di un sigillo o altro oggetto applicato al manoscritto
• accMat (materiale allegato) contiene eventuali dettagli riguardanti maeriale aggiuntivo strettamente collegato al manoscritto in esame, per esempio documenti non attali o frammenti rilegati insieme al manoscritto in un periodo storico precedente a quello attuale

TEI: Administrative Information¶10.9.1 Administrative Information

The adminInfo element is used to hold information relating to the curation and management of a manuscript. This may be supplied as a note using the global note element. Alternatively, different aspects of this information may be presented grouped within one of the following specialized elements:

• recordHist (storia registrata) contiene informazioni relative alla fonte e alla revisione della descrizione stessa del manoscritto genitore
• availability (availability) fornisce informazioni sulla disponibilità di un testo, per esempio su qualsiasi restrizione che si applica alla sua utilizzazione o distribuzione, il suo statuto in merito al copyright, etc.
• custodialHist (storia della conservazione) contiene una descrizione della storia della conservazione del manoscritto sotto forma di prosa o come serie di eventi datati relativi alla gestione del manoscritto stesso

TEI: Surrogates¶10.9.2 Surrogates

The surrogates element is used to provide information about representations such as photographs or other representations of the manuscript which may exist within the holding institution or elsewhere.

• surrogates (surrogates) contiene informazioni relative a eventuali rappresentazioni digitali o grafiche del manoscritto in esame eventualmente esistenti nell'istituzione depositaria o altrove

At a later revision, the content of the surrogates element is likely to be expanded to include elements more specifically intended to provide detailed information such as technical details of the process by which a digital or photographic image was made. For information about the inclusion of digital facsimile images within a TEI document, refer also to 11.1 Digital Facsimiles.